| This paper carried out research on the resource evaluation and the intensive and fine processing technology from the Korean pine seeds collected from 6 different producing areas in the forest regions of Heilongjiang Province,Jilin Province and Liaoning Province in Northeast China.The research results are as follows:1.In the aspect of resource attribute characteristics evaluation of Korean pine seeds,as for the morphological characteristics of resources,the average seed length,seed width,seed thickness,length width ratio,length thickness ratio and seed shell thickness of Korean pine seeds are the technical parameters to determine the screening and shelling of Korean pine seeds.The average 1000 grain weight dry weight and average moisture content are the technical parameters for determining the transportation and storage of Korean pine seeds.The average kernel yield can evaluate the quality of raw materials and the expected yield of Korean pine seeds.Regarding the chemical characteristics of resources,the average oil content of Korean pine kernels is 63.71%,which is currently the highest known oil content.The average content of unsaturated fatty acids in Korean pine seed kernel was 91.94%,and the average content of Pinocinic acid was 14.98%.Due to its resource endowment characteristics,the establishment of a 25-year seed-bearing artificial Korean pine forest not only has a shorter seed-bearing period than a natural Korean pine forest that takes 80 years of seed-bearing,but also has a higher yield per unit and a thousand-grain weight.The grafted seedlings were planted to cultivate artificial Korean pine forests for 6 years to bear fruit,exceeding the thousand-grain weight of wild Korean pine seeds,and the content of pinolenic acid was better than that of wild Korean pine seeds.All these indicate that the resource endowment advantages of artificial Korean pine seed can fully meet the demand of sustainable utilization of process raw materials in the intensive and fine processing of Korean pine seed oil.2.In the aspect of research on intensive and fine processing technology of Korean pine seed oil:the dry enzymatic extraction process has the highest extraction rate and the lowest peroxide value.Compared with wild Korean pine kernels,artificial Korean pine kernels have higher oil yield,higher pinolenic acid content,lower saturated fatty acid content,and lower residual oil rate in oil residue.A scale-up experiment was conducted on the extraction process of Korean pine seed oil,the oil yield is 60.80%,which is the highest extraction rate of Korean pine seed oil.The effects of different antioxidants on the peroxide value and malondialdehyde content of Korean pine seed oil showed that rosemary extract could effectively improve the oxidation stability of Korean pine seed oil.The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of enzymatic hydrolyzed Korean pine seed oil was stronger than that of traditional processing Korean pine seed oil by scavenging DPPH radical,ABTS radical,OH radical and Fe2+reducing power.The best process conditions for preparating the inclusion compound of Korean pine seed oil through single factor optimization experiment.Under the optimal conditions,the solidification rate of the obtained Korean pine seed oil was 70.95%,and the oil content of the clathrate was 26.88%.The inclusion compound of Korean pine seed oil was detected by laser particle size analyzer,FTIR,1H-NMR,DSC,TGA,XRD and SEM.The results show that:compared with the crystal structure of β-cyclodextrin,the inclusion complex has a low crystal structure,and its thermal stability is similar to that of β-cyclodextrin.According to the optimal conditions verified by optimization experiments,the process of scale-up experiments was conducted for the preparation of solid inclusion compound of Korean pine seed oil.The results showed the solidification rate of inclusion compound was 69%and oil content of the inclusion compound was 27%.The results of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics showed that compared with Korean pine seed oil,the bioavailability of clathrate is significantly improved.The optimal preparation conditions of Pinolenic acid lipase concentration method and the urea complex purification method were studied.The results showed that the purity and yield of Pinocinic acid were 93.51%and 13.56%,respectively.The innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)The resource evaluation of artificial and wild Korean pine seeds was carried out by using the theory and method of resource attribute characteristics.The results indicated that the quantity and quality of Artificial Korean pine seeds could meet the demand of sustainable utilization of processing materials in the intensive and fine processing of Korean pine seeds.(2)α-amylase dry enzymatic hydrolysis was used to extract Korean pine seed oil from Korean pine seeds.Compared with wild Korean pine seeds,Artificial Korean pine seeds had higher oil yield,lower saturated fatty acid content in oil,increased Pinolenic acid content,and reduced residual oil rate in oil residue,at the same time,the scale-up experiment was carried out to prove that the dry enzymatic hydrolysis of a-amylase is an advanced oil production process compared with the similar research results.(3)The β-cyclodextrin method was applied to solid inclusion of Korean pine seed oil,and the process scale-up experiment was carried out.Compared with the similar research results,the solidification rate and oil content are the highest,and the bioavailability of the inclusion compound is also significantly improved.(4)The method of lipase concentration and urea complexation purification was used to purify Pinolenic acid from Korean pine seed oil.Compared with similar research results,the purity and yield of Pinolenic acidwere the highest.The resource evaluation of Korean pine seed in this paper provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the sustainable utilization of raw materials for the intensive and fine processing of Korean pine seed oil.The dry enzymolysis extraction technology,the preparation process of solid inclusion compound and the purification process of high purity Pinocinic acid(PLA)in Korean pine seed oil were developed,which provided advanced technology for the intensive and fine processing of Korean pine seed oil in China. |
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