| As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem,forest is the important prerequisite and foundation of ecological civilization construction.In social and economic development,forestry is characteristic of foundation,subjectivity and initiative.Besides,it is also a public welfare and feeble industry,bearing high risk of management,so its further development needs government support.At present,ecological restoration and construction has become a new normal paralleled with the steady growth of China's economy.Under the background of sustainable development and green development,the forestry ecological economy construction has got great attention from the government.The design and selection of forestry public policy has been promoted to the national strategic level,which has become a hot topic for research and discussion.Currently,the following important issues need to address urgently: how to choose the reasonable and effective forestry public policy,how to adjust the interests of relevant groups through implementation of the policy,how to use the incentive mechanism to promote the forest ecological construction and boost forestry economic growth,and further realize the coordinated development of economy and ecology.The implementation of forestry public policy has the theoretical basis and realistic need.Forestry public policy,as an economic incentive way,embodies economy into ecological protection while taking the ecology into account in economic development.Based on the theory of public economics,ecological economics,econometrics and institutional economics,from the two special attributes of forestry-public goods and externalities,this paper first explains the connotation of forestry ecological economy development from the theory,and then the Research on the Evaluation of Forestry Ecological Economy and the Effect of Public Policy from the practice.By reviewing the literature,the statistical data,the website data and the actual research,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the forestry eco-economic development and the implementation of the public policy at the provincial and the farmer level,and evaluates and analyzes the current situation of forestry eco-economic development from the macro and micro angles.This paper discusses the influencing factors and regional differences of forestry public policy in detail,and explores the functional mechanism of forestry public finance policy,forestry property right policy and forestry control policy on the development of forestry ecological economy.And based on the follow-up survey data of 1497 households in 9 provinces from 2003 to 2013,the panel data regression analysis method were used to test the policy effect of forestry public policy on forestry eco-economic development and the degree of contribution of different policies multi-dimensionally.Finally,based on the result of theoretical and empirical analysis,recommendations of the path selection of China's forestry ecological and economic development and public policy are put forward.The main contents of the study are as follows:(1)The connotation and pattern of forestry eco-economic development.Based on the basic principles and ideas of ecological system----the economic system is the subsystem of ecosystem,the theoretical interpretation model of forestry ecoeconomic development is constructed.It is considered that the expansion of economy is not infinite and is restricted by irreversible energy transfer.Likewise,forestry economic growth is not infinite,and must have a moderate scale which is subject to the capacity of forestry ecology.The development model of forestry eco-economy requires the development of forestry economy within the certain ecological carrying capacity to achieve the balance between the input and output of the material and energy,and the balance of absorbing waste.(2)Research on Forestry Ecological Development and Forestry Public Policy System in China.According to the macroscopic statistical data,the general situation of forestry ecological development and the difference of regional ecological development were identified,the basic national conditions of forestry ecological and economic development in China were defined,and the characterization of forestry ecological development in China were described.Generally speaking,forestry development in China is in a low level,with large regional differences and weak forest ecological function.Based on the theory of public goods and externalities,it points out the necessity and reality of the implementation of forestry public policy.Through the research on the evolution of forestry public policy and the current forestry public policy system,combined with the actual situation of public policy implementation and demand,this paper reflects the general situation of forestry public policy,and points out that the existence of rigid financial expenditure structure and the deviation of property right reform goal,regulation rent-seeking and the risk of agency and other issues.(3)Evaluation of forestry eco-economic development in China.Based on the data of forest resources survey,the statistical data of forestry development and the data of micro household survey,this paper analyzes the basic situation of forestry eco-economic development in China from two aspects: macroscopic and microcosmic,and three perspectives: scale,structure and distribution,and constructs the evaluation index system of forestry ecological and economic development Index system,the use of improved entropy method of China's regional forestry eco-economic development index was measured.On the whole,the comprehensive ecological and economic situation of forestry in the southern forest and other forest areas is better,and the average index of regional forestry eco-economic index is 1.899 and 1.821 respectively.The effective utilization of regional forestry resources is higher in the southern forest area,while in other forest areas,the forestry eco-economy development is more dependent on the consumption of forestry resources.The forestry ecological and economic conditions of the northeast forest area and the southwest forest area were poor,and the index was 0.908 and 0.871 respectively.Although the forestry resources in the northeast forest area and the southwest forest area were rich,the utilization of forestry resources was not high and there was efficiency loss.(4)The section and type of division of China's forestry ecological and economic development.According to the regional eco-economic comprehensive index of different regions,China's different regional forest areas are divided into four different types: high-quality areas,good areas,growing areas and backward areas.The high-quality areas includes 5 provinces,such as Guizhou and Guangdong,which are all distributed in the south forest area.The economic benefit of forestry ecological unit is more than 2 times,and the utilization efficiency of forestry resources is higher.The good areas mainly include Jiangxi,Liaoning and other nine provinces,the unit of forestry ecological production of economic benefits between 1 and 2,the use of forestry resources is better.Growing areas include Jilin,Heilongjiang and other provinces,basically distributed in the northeast and southwest forest areas,although the two major state-owned forest resources are particularly rich,but the regional forestry economic development does not have a comparative advantage of forest resources.The ecological and economic backward areas include Shandong,Jiangsu and Gansu provinces,and the ecological provinces of the regional provinces showed a decreasing trend during the study period.The development pattern of forestry economy seriously sacrificed forestry ecological resources and environment.(5)Analysis of public policy factors and differences affecting the development of forestry ecological economy.Based on the evaluation results of forestry eco-economic development in China,this paper analyzes the public policy factors influencing the development of forestry ecological economy in case provinces,and then compares the differences of policy factors among provinces and identifies key policy factors as the basis of empirical analysis.The differences in the implementation of public policies are different due to differences in geographical environment,climatic conditions and political fundamentals.The differences in fiscal policy are mainly reflected in public expenditure on management and protection,forest compensation standards and forest ecology efficiency compensation fund and so on;the difference of property right policy is mainly reflected in the standardization of forest warrants management,forest land transfer,forest mortgage loans,forestry insurance and forest rights dispute mediation issues;compared to forestry fiscal policy and property rights policy,the differences in regulation among provinces are small,but the values of forest canopy,forest volume,and harvesting intensity are different for different forest areas.(6)The measure of ecological economic effect of forestry public policy.On the basis of qualitative analysis to find out the policy factors,we make a step-by-step quantitative analysis of the public policy effect and contribution to select the policy category which has the prominent effect on the forestry ecological economy development,and provide the basis for the policy choice.The results show that forestry public policy has obvious effect on the development of forestry ecological economy.Among them,the three factors which have the highest coefficient of impact on forestry ecological and economic effects are: the policy of forest land transfer in property rights policy,the availability of forest cutting index in control policy and the forestation subsidy policy in fiscal policy.Forestation subsidies are mainly for ecological forest has a more significant effect;and for commercial forest,tending subsidies,collective forest rights reform,forest resource control policy effect is more obvious.(7)Analysis on the contribution of forestry public policy to forestry ecological economy development.The analysis of the contribution of forestry public policy shows that the contribution rate of forestry public policy is 35.53%,8.63% of control policy and 8.21% of fiscal policy for forestry ecological development.For the coordinated development of forestry ecological economy,the contribution rate of forestry public policy is 5.14% of property right policy,0.83% of fiscal policy and0.16% of control policy.Different provinces and autonomous regions,due to the location,resources,environmental differences and the level of economic development differences,have different contribution on the forestry public policy.On the whole,the property rights policy has higher contribution in Zhejiang,Fujian and Jiangxi provinces.The control policy has higher contribution in Hunan,Fujian and Jiangxi provinces.The fiscal policy has higher contribution in Hunan,Liaoning and Fujian provinces.(8)Path selection and policy suggestion of forestry ecological economy development.The development of forestry ecological economy results from the factors of local resources,economy,society and institution,and different development modes match different policy.From the perspective of the use of elements of forestry eco-economic development,the paper puts forward the path choice of forestry ecological economy development,including increasing forestland output,forest resource utilization,labor productivity,forestry capital output rate,forestry science and technology progress contribution rate and system efficiency,etc.Combine with the deductive reasoning of the theory of ecological economy and public economics,clarify the policy objectives of public policy to promote the development of forestry ecological economy,design differentiated forestry public policy portfolios aiming at different forest areas in which the different location,different ownership,different forest species and other characteristics with the support of relevant supporting policies,and then establish a multi-level public policy system. |
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