| Senegalese maritime fishery is the key sector for the national economy.The Gross Domestic Product(GDP)estimated at $414 million US of total catch income,of which the small-scale fisheries accounts for 77% of the total landings with a volume of 394,036 tonnes,against only 23% for industrial fisheries with a volume of 116,501 tonnes in 2017.The small-scale fisheries have been an important subsistence activity for the fishing communities as for the employment,livelihoods,self-consumption,and local sale.This fishery helps and promotes the sustainable development of the industry.The common octopus(Octopus vulgaris)fishing industry has great social and economic value.It is fished by both small-scale and industrial fleets.Over the years,the octopus has consistently been one of the most important commercial cephalopod resources in Senegal.Given the high economic value of octopus in Senegal,this paper discusses octopus management,as well as the industry?s direct impacts on the biological traits of octopus.The economics of the deepwater pink shrimp(Parapenaeus longirostris)fishery in Senegal is not only affected by shrimp abundance and markets but also fisheries management and policy.However,there are a few types of research in this field and many questions.Only several of them author want to study his research.In this paper,the author would like to study“Socioeconomic situation and management of octopus and deep-water pink shrimp fisheries in Senegal”.To deal with these questions,author begin his dissertation by briefly carried out a literature review on the bio-ecological parameters,economic and managerial aspects and operating systems of the octopus and the deep-water pink shrimp and also to understand the life cycle and population dynamics in their living environment and time of the fishing effort deployed.This study focuses on collecting baseline information regarding various fishing gear types and techniques used,days at sea,the primary fishing areas,costs,evolution of prices and fisher?s income,system of remuneration,value chain,economic outcome of management measures,and scientifically quantifying the official national statistics on landings and catches based on socio-economic data collected from surveys and workshops about the octopus and pink shrimp fishery.In our study,survey data reveals that there are some differences in the octopus management preferences within Mbour;however,in general,fishers support biological rest which contributed significantly to protect octopus and the use of octopus spawning pots.Octopuses hunting have a short life span(12-14months),grow rapidly,and have high natural mortality due to its sensitivity to environmental conditions.Therefore,the abundance index decreased from 13.7 kg per days at sea in 1999 to 3.3 kg per days at sea in 2016 due to seasonal fluctuations.Fuel consumption per tide is more significant in April at US$184,200.The price of T7 is higher to US$9 in Mbour,while in Cayar,it is relatively lowest at US$ 0.72,indicates that price fluctuations are depending on the place,weight and size of the species.The factory set the purchase price to the wholesalers taking into accounts its costs and profit.Moreover,wholesalers fixed purchase price to the fishermen taking into account his expenses of ice and transportation.The management measures presented,are impacted significantly on the pink shrimp catch production.Since 2015,the introduction of the quota system in the pink shrimp fishery has reduced the competition for the resource and allowed the firms to increase their catch values and to obtain the high value of their landings.It has also helped their profitability.The gross value of production was higher in 2018($44.816 million US)than in 2017($30.164 million US).This is similar to the trend found for the turnover of the pink shrimp fleets which performed better in 2018 than in 2017.It indicated that the deep-water shrimp fisheries only slightly benefited the Senegalese government.It provided less contribution to employment an estimated 852 people and the GDP according to the added value,which amounted for US$4.583 million per year.To preserve both the resource and promote economic development for both fishing firms and the Senegalese government,it is necessary to regulate the profits flow and benefit between these two related parties.Threats such as species fully exploited or slightly overexploited caused by fishing overcapacity,fishing efforts,under-reported landings,and false fishing during hunting are identified and management measures such as scientific collection and monitoring of fishery information,catch limits,establishment of refuges and demonstrating the need for increased involvement of fishers in the management decisionmaking process are suggested. |
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