Research On The Implementation Of Fishing Quota System In China's Marine Fisheries

The fishing quota system,as a total catch limitation system,is a fishery output management measure.As early as in the 2000 Fisheries Law,China explicitly proposed the implementation of a fishing quota system.This regulation makes up for China's " focus on inputs and ignore outputs " situation in the legal system of fishery management,and enables the management of China 's fishing industry to form a basic institutional system that combines input,output,technology,and economics from a multi-angle perspective.It not only meets the actual needs of China's fishery management,but also conforms to the international fishery management trend.However,the fishing quota system is large and complex.Its implementation requires many basic institutional support and scientific and statistical support,including resource assessment,TAC formulation,quota allocation,production reports,and catch monitoring.The basic conditions in various aspects of the implementation of the system are still lacking to varying degrees,so it has not been implemented for more than a decade after the provisions of the Fisheries Law.Since the 18 th CPC National Congress,China has incorporated the construction of ecological civilization into the overall layout of the "Five in One" and vigorously promoted the construction of ecological civilization.At the beginning of 2017,the Ministry of Agriculture's "Notice on Further Strengthening the Control of Domestic Fishing Vessels and Implementing the Total Management of Marine Fishery Resources" stated that "Since 2017,Liaoning,Shandong,Zhejiang,Fujian,and Guangdong provinces have each identified one city,county,or sea area,define fishing species and carry out limit fishing management ";"By 2020,China's coastal provinces will choose at least one region with more mature conditions to implement the fishing quota system.".According to this,China began to implement pilot fishing quota systems insome coastal areas in 2017.In 2017-2018,5 provinces conducted 5 different fishery pilots.Implementing the fishing quota system is not only an inevitable requirement for practicing ecological civilization,but also helps to enhance the image of China's responsible fishery country.It has become an important direction of China's current fishery management reform.In order to systematically sort out the fishing quota system in China,this article starts from the perspective of system theory,analyzing,inducting and summarizing the research status and implementation of the fishing quota system in China with the help of management decision theory analysis tools,combined with data analysis,case analysis and comparative analysis.In 2019,the author conducted afield surveys about the implementation of the fishing quotas of Shandong Dongying Jellyfish Fishery and Zhejiang Zhebei Barracuda Crab Fishery in 2017-2018,Liaoning Pulandian Chinese Prawn Fishery,Fujian Xiazhang Waters Barracuda Crab Fishery and Guangdong Pearl River Mouth Baibei Fishery in 2018.By using questionnaires,interviews,observations,and other methods to collect relevant data from fishermen,research institutes,and fisheries management departments in the pilot areas,so as to grasp the specific practice and evaluate it.Through a comparative analysis and summary of the specific implementation of the fishing quota system in the five pilot fisheries,it was found that the five pilot fisheries have common features in terms of pilot fishery selection,specificity of fishing grounds,fishing vessels and operating methods,and supporting systems.There are differences in the unity of fisheries,the exclusivity of access to fishing grounds,the allocation of fishing quotas,and monitoring measures for catches.In addition,a useful exploration has been made in the use of a special fishing permit system to restrict fishery access,management of fishing logs,trial observer system,and participation of grass-roots fishermen's organizations in management.Although the current implementation of the fishing quota system in China has achieved some results in deepening domestic and foreign awareness,driving related management systems,and accumulating experience,however,through the investigation,it is found that there are still some problems in the implementation of the system: multi-fish species fisheries,the capture production monitoring system has not yet been established,the lack of targeted resource surveys and monitoring,the difficult implementation of fishing restrictive measures,management capabilities and systems that do not meet demand,lack of legalliability for breach of management,etc.Aiming at the problems existing in the implementation of the fishing quota system in China,combined with domestic and foreign practical experience and the actual situation of marine fishery resources and production in China,the following suggestions are proposed to improve the fishing quota system in China: Amend the Fisheries Law to improve the fishing quota system and provide legal support for the supervision of fishing quotas;Strengthen the continuity,comprehensiveness and speciality of fishery resources survey and monitoring,integrate scientific research forces,increase financial incursions,and improve monitoring effectiveness;Establish a comprehensive fishery data information system including resource survey data,fishing capacity data and fishing production data to promote the openness and sharing of data at different levels;Further improve the restrictions on fishing operations based on the fishing permit system,strengthen the restrictions on the approval content,and improve the controllability of fishing operations management;Establish a multi-participation and cross-regional and cross-sectoral management mechanism including fishermen,fishery administration departments,scientific research institutions,and grass-roots organizations;According to the characteristics of fisheries,the classification of fishing quota management mechanism for single finger fisheries and multiple finger fisheries will be classified.