| Part1:Effects of folic acid deficiency during pregnancy on the weight,body fat,glucose and lipid metabolism,and sports of offspringObjective:To observe the effects of folic acid deficiency during pregnancy on the weight,body fat,glucose and lipid metabolism,and sports of the offspring.Methods:Female SD rats were randomly divided into two groups at the age of 4 weeks old.2 weeks later,one group was fed with normal diet,while the other group was fed with folic acid deficient diet.When the rats were 16 weeks old,adult male SD rats were purchased and the rats were raised together at the proportion of 2:1(female:male)until delivery.The folate levels of serum and red cell were detected regularly in rats at the point when the model was established,in order to confirm the folic acid deficiency model.We selected the groups as targets,which litter number was 10-14/clutch after delivery,and adjusted the number into 10 mice/nest for subsequent research.Lactating rats were continued to be fed as before and the offspring were weaned after 3 weeks.The offspring(F1 generation)of two groups were both fed with high fat diet until 6 weeks old.The male and female were divided into different cages subsequently and the male rats were continued to be fed with high fat diet until adulthood.The effect of pregnancy folic acid deficiency on the metabolism related indicators of rats were assessed through monitoring the body weight,body fat,blood lipids,glucose tolerance,metabolic and sports of F1 generation.Results:The rats were divided into folic acid deficient group(FD group,n=20)and normal control group(FN,n=20 group,control).? The pregnant rate in FD group was lower than that in FN group.(P<0.05)?There was no significant difference about the proportion of female and male in the two groups by comparing the number of births per litter(P>0.05).There was no significant difference about the body weight change of the two groups(P>0.05).?There was no significant difference about the body weight between FD and FN groups at birth and the age of 3 weeks,6 weeks,12 weeks,16weeks as well as 20 weeks.(P>0.05).?The difference of abdominal fat in the two groups of adult offspring was compared and the CT results of 28 week old F1 generation showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage of the total volume of fat tissue between FD group and FN group.?The differences of blood lipid in the two groups of adult offspring were compared and the results showed that there were no significant differences in triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)of the two groups at the age of 20 weeks(P>0.05),while there was significant difference between the two groups of TG and the normal standard of literature(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum insulin levels between the two groups at the age of 8 weeks(P>0.05).?By comparing the two groups of rats' offspring glucose tolerance test(intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test,ipgtt)results at different weeks of age,it was found that in the 8th,12th,16th,20W were determined four times,only in the minutes of the 8th IPGTT60 FD group,the blood sugar is higher than that of FN group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05),120 minutes of recovery and FN group the same level.Finally difference in two groups of four times ipgtt no statistical significance(P>0.05).?The differences in metabolic activity between the two groups of adult offspring were compared and the results showed that the amount of food intake of day and night as well as large activities of night and day were not significantly different(P>0.05).In case of weight and weight loss,the two groups had no statistical significance in the comparison of respiratory exchange rate and the volume of oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide emissions as well as heat production of 24 hours(P>0.05).Conclusion:There was no obvious effect of high fat diet on the body weight,body fat,glucose and lipid metabolism and the activity of the offspring weaned from the mice that lack of folic acid during pregnancy.Part 2:Effects of folic acid deficiency on differentiation of preadipocyte of the offspringObjective:To observe the effects of folic acid deficiency on differentiation of preadipocyte of the offspring.Methods:To select rats born for 7 days from folic acid deficient rats(folate deficient,FD)and normal control rats(control,FN).The primary preadipocyte of the inguinal fat was extracted,cultured and frozen storage for subsequent experiments.The preadipocyte differentiation was induced by PADM inducing medium.The cells were collected at the following time points(D0,D2,D4,D6,D8,D10),and identified by oil red O staining method.The quantity of lipid droplets was assessed by Microplate Reader.Results:There was no significant difference in the number and size of fat droplets of the mature fat cells in the differentiation of the precursors of the offspring between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no statistical significance in the content of triglyceride in lipid droplets in the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The high fat diet of the offspring weaned from the mice that lack of folic acid during pregnancy had no effect on the differentiation. |
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