Studying On Several Problems Of Preventing Floods By Water Control In Middle-lower Of Yellow River

Up to Northern Song, Yellow River flooded more catastrophically than former time; it became a prominent problem that preventing floods by water control in middle-lower reaches of Yellow River, which influenced the development of society in Northern Song. On the other hand, the frequency flooding and government of flooding cause the massive wealth losses, massive fund investments and massive manpower employment. It is undoubted to cause the northern economy develop seriously slow, thus it becomes an important factor attributes economical center move to south.In the development of governing the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and implementation of the flooding control strategy, it often interrelates with development of politics and military, and also affects the river improvement action. There are many arguments for the Yellow River's government among the ministers, which restricts the normal improvement activity of water control and weakens the force of river management. But in Northern Song period, particularly in latter part of Northern Song's military development, the formulation and implementation of river improvement plan has more interweaves with the military strategy formulation. Thus the government of middle-lower reaches in Yellow River becomes the important link with the military strategy. It is obvious that the government of the Yellow River in Northern Song is different from the former time and even the latter time.That the frequent overflows of middle and lower reaches in Northern Song also initiates the significant river course vicissitude of lower reaches of the Yellow River. In government flooding process, Northern Song establishes DuShiJian, which plays the vital role in the river improvement practice. As for the aspect of coping with the flooding. Song government calls up soldiers and farmers and hires civilians, and allocates and transfers goods and materials; and Song government sets up a series system of offices rewards and punishments; All of these means can make sure the process favorably.In the actual government of middle and lower reaches of Yellow River, Northern Song' developing and using the Yellow River, Kaifeng River and many river in north enabled middle and lower reaches Yellow River system plays the vital role in the water transportation. In the farmland and water conservancy construction, through the implementing the measurement of Yellow River irrigation and warping irrigation, it plays the enormous impetus role to the local agriculture. Especially in Shen-Zong period, development of warping irrigation activity not only has the innovation in the technical aspect but its scale also achieved a suitable altitude in the Chinese ancient history.