Study On The Local City Site Of The Han Dynasty In The Middle And Lower Reaches Of The Yellow River

As one of the main indicators to measure the process of social complexity,the city site has always been the focus of scholars.However,for the study of the Han Dynasty city site,compared with the prehistoric city sites and the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasty city sites,it is dwarfed.In addition,for a long time,most of the academic circles have focused on the capitals such as Chang'an City of Han Dynasty,and there is less attention to local city sites.Therefore,this paper chooses the most densely distributed local city sites in the Han Dynasty—the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,combining historical documents and archaeological data,thus from the aspects of the discovery,classification,spatial distribution,age characteristics,shape,composition and layout of the city sites.A preliminary study was conducted at the local city sites.This paper firstly divides the data collected from the Atla.s of Chinese Relic.s,archaeological briefings,reports and other places into three regions:the east area of Hanguguan Pass,Sili area and border city sites area.Then according to the scale of the city site,579 city sites are divided into five categories,namely,large-scale city sites,large-scale city sites,medium-sized city sites,small city sites and special small city sites.Statistics on the number of cities in each type that may belong to the city where county and kingdom's government is located,the city where commandant is located,ordinary prefecture city,and village,cluster,pavilion,etc.,in order to observe the characteristics of various types of city sites and the relationship between the scale of city site and its nature and function.Secondly,Through the spatial distribution and age characteristics of the city sites,the site selection,distribution characteristics,influencing factors and inheritance relationship with the previous dynasty are analyzed.Then,the plane shape of the city site is counted and the characteristics of the shape are summarized.The walls,gates,moats of the city site and city layout such as roads,palace areas,government offices,residential areas and handicraft workshop areas.Finally,we can summarize some common features.The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the most developed areas in the Han Dynasty,and their local city sites have a certain representativeness.The study of the city sites in this area will help to understand the local city sites throughout the Han Dynasty.At the same time,their research also helps to understand the achievements of the Han Dynasty in politics,economy and culture,so as to correctly grasp the historical process of the development and consolidation of the multi-ethnic centralized empire in the Han Dynasty.