A Comparative Study Of The Primitive Image "sun" Of The Altaic Languages

The dissertation, on the basis of the relevant researches on etymological studies on Korean, Japanese and Manchu, will contrast the words about the primitive image of the sun and their symbolic meannings among the languages in Altaic family with the method of the combination of linguistics and the mythology. The dissertation will focus on the words about the sun and their symbolic meanings from Manchu and Korean which exist in Tumun River, Yalu River and Changbai Mountains for a long time, also from Japanese which is closely relevant with the former two languages,It is well known that there are three branches in Altaic family:Turkic branch, Mongolia branch and Manchu-Tungus branch, which has similar vocabulary, sentence structure and some language phones. Many linguists think all of these languages are related languages, and the ethinics with Manchu-Tungus branch languages such as Sushen. Nuzhen and Manchu were geographically close to the tribes such as Yemaek, Goryeo and Choson with Korean language. They had very close contacts and cultural communication, and were inextricably interwoven with each other.Tumen River, Yalu River and Changbai Mountains were the place of origin for Dongbuyeo, Jolbonbuyeo and Korea Dynasty, also the place of Jin Empire of Nuzhen and the following Later Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. The langages of Korean and Nuzhen as ancient countries who were the creators of the relevant cultures should belong to the general arrange of Altaic languages.After Li Chenggui set up Chosun Dynasty and vassal state with Ming Dynasty, he began to create their own words, which developed a lot in the period of Emperor Shizong, the fourth king of Chosen Dynasty, who formulated the HunMinJungUm. From that, we can find there are many relative characters of words symbols among the Manchu-Tungus languages and Japanese, especially the relevant words about the sun's primitive image is the typical instance.In Northeast Asia region, till modern times, the concept of national territory formed after the contacts and collision with the western world. During the long time, the different tribes and ethnics with Altaic languages distributed in the Asian continent, and they migrated continually, adjoined mutually, and exchanged often, which prompted the intercommunity of the cultures. Though the affiliation of Korean and Japanese are still without final conclusion, but on the aspects of phones, grammar and vocabulay, both of them has many similarities with other Altaic languages, especially Manchu-Tungus languages.The different tribes and ethnics with Altaic languages, especially Nuzhen rising in Tumen River and Changbai Mountains and Dynasties set up by the Korean, the myths of the nation-establishment are closely relevant with the primitive image-the sun. In other words, in the myths of the nation-establishment, the sun was worshiped as the divine king to found the nation, such as the legend of Jumong from Goguryeo, the legend of Piaohejushi from Silla and the legend of the three fairy ladies in Changbai Mountain from Manchu, and in Japan, Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun, was the important role, who was regarded as the highest governor and the guardian angel of imperial family. And Japan uses the sun as the symbol till now.1. In this dissertation, despite the differences of the ages, it mainly references the dictionaries of Qing Dynasty such as Han Qing Wen Jian, Dong Wen Lei Jie, Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian, etc. It also discusses the images and symbols of the words relevant with the sun in Nuzhen language through Manchu Shi Lu, and inspects the situations of Manchu language in the early Qing Dynasty through Tartar Crusoe.2. The discussions about Korean will go on from the three periods of the Three Kingdoms, Goryeo and Choson:the narration of the Three Kingdoms based on The History of the Three Kingdoms and Incidents of the Three Kingdoms; the narration of Goryeo based on Ji Lin Lei Shi and Qing Gan Lu; the narration of Choson based on Long Fei Yu Tian Ge and HunMinJungUm. The dissertation examined the words about the sun and their symbolic meanings on the basis of the aboved historical documents.3. The discussions about Japanese will go on form the three periods of ancient times, middle anticent times and modern times. The narration of the ancient times based Gu Shi Ji and Japan Shu Ji; the narration of middle ancient times based on WeiYiShenDaoMiaoFaYaoJi and Japan Shu Ji; the narration of moder times based on Qian Dai Yuan Cao. The dissertation examined the words about the sun and their symbolic meanings on the basis of the aboved historical documents.The dissertation also examined other words about the sun and their symbolic meanings such as pearl (??),egg(?),rnan(??),light(?),white(?),dark(?),dark blue(?),red(?),gold(??),bow(?),arrow(?),bear(?),tiger(?),crow(??),hen(?),crane(?),deer(?),horse(?),etc. Among the comparation of those words relevant with the sun, the dissertation found many relevance of the above words among Nuzhen(Manchu), Korean and Japanese. That is, there exist some common factors in the words about the sun and their symbolic meanings in Altaic languages.The culture of a minority and a country including of words is not a completely close system. The language and words confined in only one minority and one country can't show its cultural individuality and can't go on cultural exchanges. In this sense, the territory of cultural geography of the words about the sun and their symbolic meanings in Altaic languages is very vast. When discussing the words about the sun and their symbolic meanings in Altaic languages, to investigate and grasp the relations between the phones and their symbolic meanings further is a very important research work, for the study will contribute to the comparative linguistic studies, and the studies on the affiliation of Korean and Japanese.