A Study On The Rhetoric Of The Articles In Song Dynasty's Cike Imperial Examination

As a special speech activity,the articles in Song Dynasty's Cike imperial examination contain a wealth of rhetorical factors.The styles of the articles in Song Dynasty's Cike imperial examination include Siliu?Ancient prose and Rhyme,among which Siliu is the most important.The Siliu is a new parallel prose with unique characteristics of the Song Dynasty,which is dignified and appropriate,and pays attention to the antithesis and the sound rhythm.The ancient prose pays attention to full of content?syntactical structure freedom?simplicity and fluency.The rhyme pays attention to rhyme.The writing process of the articles in Song Dynasty's Cike imperial examination is the process of rhetoric,which requires careful selection,arrangement or processing of various language units or speech materials.As the imperial examination articles,they have great differences with the non-imperial examination articles in the choice and arrangement of language materials and the language style.However,the rhetoric of Siliu?Ancient prose and Rhyme of Cike imperial examination is less concerned by the present academic world.From the perspective of rhetoric,it is undoubtedly important to explore the phenomenon of speech rhetoric and the rhetorical ideas in the articles of Cike imperial examination.It is of great significance to make up for the academic gaps.In consideration of the uniqueness and importance of the rhetoric of the articles in Song Dynasty's Cike imperial examination,this paper has deeply explored the most important rhetorical phenomena of the articles of Cike imperial examination,and finally explored the conception and the characteristics of rhetoric in the ways of induction and deduction?quantity and quality?comparison?multi-object,combining ancient and modern rhetorical theories,regarding the rearrangement texts of the articles of Cike imperial examination as a carrier.This paper consists of seven parts: introduction?rhythm?antithesis?allusion?article structure?style and conclusion.The introduction: This part will explain the relevant concepts,lead to the object of study,introduce the relevant research status,research significance and corpus sources,and explain the research content and research methods,etc,and thus make preparations for the following formal research.The rhythm: This chapter explores the rhythm of the articles of Cike imperial examination from the perspectives of Siliu?Ancient prose and Rhyme,focusing on the comparatively typical characteristics of realizing the beauty of tone.Siliu of the articles of Cike imperial examination pursuits the strict rules of being interphase,relative and sticky,but not completely bound by these rules.Siliu's tone is divided into four tones to avoid monotonicity.Various function words are used properly in Siliu.Ancient prose emphasizes the use of function words and uses comprehensively neat sentences and scattered sentences and mixes tones to avoid using the same tone.Rhyme pays attention to the rhyme at the end of the sentence.The form of rhyme is flexible and varied,and the rhyme is very wide,which is quite different from the standard of "Li Bu Yun Lve",and is basically committed according to the Song Dynasty languages in general,and is sometimes influenced by the dialectal accent.Rhyme is also skillful in the use of reduplication.The antithesis: Through a thorough analysis of the antithesis texts of the articles of Cike imperial examination,it is concluded that the antithesis of the articles of Cike imperial examination can be divided into four categories: Semantic relation class antithesis,loose and strict antithesis,rhetorical fusion antithesis,and sentence relation class antithesis.Each category selects several distinctive antithesis forms for in-depth discussion.On this basis,it reveals the distinctive characteristics of the antithesis of the articles of Cike imperial examination: Insisting on the principle of form serve for content,creatively selecting and applying various special dual forms.Enriching the number of antithesis sentences and interlacing the arrangement,which not only achieve the antithesis neat and orderly but also make the articles smooth.It is still mainly composed of Siliu antithesis for meeting the needs of the imperial examination styles.Strictly adherencing to the parallel prose system and a large number of mosaic pairs are used,who use stylized words as affixes.The allusion: The allusions in the articles of Cike imperial examination are very rich,and the art of allusions is very exquisite.This chapter mainly carries on the analysis from four aspects.First,this chapter investigates the nature and source of allusions:The allusions in the articles of Cike imperial examination are mainly linguistic allusions and historical allusions,which originate from the important books in the Confucian classics?history?philosophy and literature.The origin of the allusions is extensive in whole,and it has the characteristics of centralization in concrete use.Second,this chapter investigates the ways and means of using allusions: The ways and means of using allusions in the articles of Cike imperial examination are intricate and varied,and they are combined with the expression of contents and the expression of feelings.The words are natural without any trace.Third,this chapter analyzes the characteristics of allusions: Using allusions follows the basic principle of being precise;using allusions is often the same but not identical;showing stability in pairing.Fourthly,this chapter summarizes the rhetoric effect of using allusions: to promote the elegance of the articles,enhance the persuasion of the articles,promote the distinctiveness of the characters,and achieve conciseness and regularity of the articles.The article structure: The articles of Cike imperial examination also follow the four methodicalness' laws of "order" ? "change" ? "coherence" and "unification".The order of methodicalness is mainly realized by rhyming and antithesis,which had been discussed in the first and second chapters.This chapter focuses on the problems of "change","contiguity" and "unification" in the methodicalness,and discusses the means of realizing the methodicalness in the articles of Cike imperial examination.The change of the methodicalness is realized by means of tone modulation and syntactic transformation.The coherence of the methodicalness can be achieved through the arrangement of the texts,the logical order of the language expressions and the succession of the related words.The unification of the methodicalness can be achieved by emphasizing the idea of "the article wins by meaning" and arranging words and sentences around the "meaning" tone and carring out layers expand.The style: As the imperial examination article,the language style of the articles of Cike imperial examination is unique.This chapter makes a thorough analysis of the speech style of the articles of Cike imperial examination from three aspects: the general style,the basic style of each style and the personal style.Through the analysis of the text,it is revealed that the general style of the articles of Cike imperial examination is not only in pursuit of strength of character,but also in pursuit of flowery language,and at the same time,in pursuit of appropriateness.The basic style of the articles' various literary forms is analyzed by comparing and contrasting the articles of Cike imperial examination and the model essays for examination.The personal style of the articles of Cike imperial examination is investigated by comparing the works of writers of different styles.The conclusion: This part will mainly sum up the rhetoric style of the Siliu of Cike imperial examination,and explore the rhetoric ideas infiltrated in the articles of Cike imperial examination.