| Paul Lafargue was a famous activist and leader in the history of France and international workers' movement.The pioneer of the France Marxist and one of the founders of the French Socialist Party has made important contributions to the spread of Marxist doctrine in France and the establishment of the French Workers' Party.However,the incompleteness of his Marxist view also caused him to make some mistakes and increase his complexity.From Proudhonism to Blanquism and Positivism,people have different opinions and opinions.After the death of Lafargue,his Marxist identity and image were “stigmatized” and various labels also swarmed:“semi-Marxist”,“fake Marxist”,“non-Marxist”,“ Half-anarchist,etc.,even in his later years,he was even labeled as a "centralist".Lafargue's view of Marxism was painted into a variety of faces.In his later years,Lafargue lived a life of deep self-sufficiency due to physical reasons.The revolutionary activities he participated in were greatly reduced,and few public speeches and articles were made.He also disagreed with the revolutionary buddy on some important issues of the France revolution.The swaying of his political strategy and one or the other mistakes increased his complexity.Throughout Lafargue's life,the revolutionary Marxist is his most prominent label.Studying his Marxist view and striving to be objective and unbiased is not only an interesting topic of the times,but also an inspiring theoretical subject.To identify the right and wrong in Lafargue's thoughts,not only to correctly explore the inherent tension between the times and Marxism,but also to accurately judge the situation of the times,and to answer the important questions such as "What is Marxism” and“How to treat Marxism scientifically" has a reference value.The formation of Lafargue's view on Marxism has specific time scenes and ideological resources.From the Second Empire of France to the transition from the capitalist to the monopoly capitalism in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries,the background color of the two life years of Lafargue was constructed.The appearance of various parties after the bourgeois political party took office has created the unique characteristics of the French political situation.Lafargue opened his journey of thought and revolution in such a feudal autocracy and a capitalist democratic republic with a class opposition,rich culture and contradictions.In the 19 th century,France became the "storm eye" of the world revolution,prompting him to think about how to promote the spread of Marxism in France and to guide the proletarian revolutionary movement;due to the growth environment and the education of quality education,influenced by the heritage of the French Revolution in the 18 th century,In the guidance and infection of Marx and Engels,Lafargue gradually learned to use Marxism in combination with French reality to analyze specific problems;after the failure of the Paris Commune,the struggle between the first international internal Marxism and the opportunistic schools such as Bakunin and the second in the late19 th century The debate among international theorists on the principles of Marxism provides an international perspective for the formation of the Lafargue Marxist view.It can be said that Lafargue's Marxist view is a unity of continuity and stage.Continuity lies at he has been adhering to Marxism since Lafargue changed from Proudhonism and Blanquism to Marxism.At the same time,different revolutionary events clues have created different divisions of his revolutionary practice activities.Specifically,Lafargue's Marxist view from birth to establishment,from maturity to later years of exploration,has gone through four stages: sprouting period(1865-1871),transition establishment period(1872-1882),mature development period(1883-1901),in-depth exploration period(1901-1911).These four stages are closely related to each other,and also include the ternary hierarchy of the Lafargue Marxist view.It is precisely because of the early germination that the position has changed,and in the later years,the principle of the previous period has been adhered to.Therefore,taking the revolutionary activities and historical events in different periods as the coordinates and making a detailed analysis of the four stages of characteristics,we can in the microscopic perspective and accurately judge its theoretical contribution and error defects.in particular:Firstly,the four stages of the Lafargue Marxist view.The tyrannical rule against the Third Reich of France and the rise of the French workers' movement reinforce his revolutionary tendencies.From participating in college student group movements to Marx's London complex,to supporting the Paris Commune,Lafargue gradually separated from Proudhonism,Blanquism,and positivism,gestating the desire and pursuit of Marxism.He began to seek guidance on the urgent issues of the French economic development process and the revolutionary movement in Marxism,and directly led the establishment of the French Workers' Party.However,this process is not a one-step process,but full of hardships.During his exile in Spain,he actively promoted Marxism,struggled with anarchism such as Mora and Mesa,and severely criticized the possible false claims led by Marlon and Bruce.The Marxist view entered a period of mature development.He held theoretical lectures to promote the international relations of the proletariat and defended the communist views with De Mo.Although Lafargue's revolutionary activities were reduced in his later years,he still criticized the idealist a priori and agnosticism,and did not compromise on the two fronts against reformism and anarchism.In fact,from the "beginners" who analyze problems from the standpoint of Marxism to seriously study and actively promote Marxism,the entire process of transformation of Lafargue is also the process of cleaning up old ideas with new ideas.Secondly,in the Mesoscopic threshold view,the Lafargue Marxist view of the ternary hierarchy is scanned.He has his own discourse system on what is Marxism.To sum it up,there are three aspects: First,Marx and Engels are "two bodies,one brain." From the perspective of the founder,Marx is the primary founder of the doctrine.The learned Engels made outstanding contribution to the creation of Marxism.Therefore,Marxism can be described as "common mental labor" between the two.Lafargue also does not easily make any definition in an ironic tone.Secondly,in Lafargue's view,Marxism is a new tool for socialists,and its fundamental method is historical materialism.Although he sometimes refers to historical materialism as economic materialism and has similar expression errors in terminology,there is much evidence that Lafargue adheres to the basic idea of historical materialism.Third,he always upholds the masses' position to serve the interests of the proletariat,writes for the masses,and calls on the revolutionary materialists to serve the material interests of the proletariat and think about the peasants and the land issue.This shows his inheritance of the fundamental position of Marxism.Finally,according to Lafargue,the core of Marxism is the theory of class struggle.Lafargue analyzed the causes of class opposition and specifically analyzed the new stage of the French class struggle in light of the French reality.He delved into the main tasks faced by the proletariat after seizing power,the characteristics of the state machine and the transition to communism.Thirdly,Regarding "how to deal with Marxism",Lafargue advocated studying and propagating Marxism hard,and he was hungry for the study of classic works;the Marxist theoretical readings translated by the Lafargue couple became the carrier of the French people to obtain Marxism.Source;Lafargue actively established the proletarian newspapers,advocated propaganda and propaganda to spread the Marxist doctrine,and was good at using various forms to carry out propaganda theory propaganda work,and opened up a spread of Marx from Britain to France and from France to Spain,Portugal and Switzerland.The European path of doctrine.Second,Lafargue advocates "to apply Marx's historical rules well." He implanted the combat factor of materialist dialectics into the field of literary criticism;using language as an ideological weapon,traces the origin of language,and uses Marxist views to reveal the mystery of the origin of various religious ideas.Third,defending the principles of Marxism is: in the field of philosophical problems,he strives to clarify the fog of philosophical problems,counterattacks Bernstein's revisionism and other counter-current thoughts,and refutes Jaures' s idealistic view of history;In the "encirclement and suppression" of bourgeois economists' opinion on Marx's economics,Lafargue took the initiative to meet the enemy,realize "breakthrough" and defend the ideological heritage of the revolutionary mentor.Fourth,he advocated "delineating the outline of developing Marxism in theory and practice" and testing Marx's in the practice of revolution.Through the analysis of cartels,trusts and other monopoly organizations,the author makes an original analysis of the "five basic characteristics" of imperialism;analyzes the origin of property and its different forms in various historical stages of human society.Fourthly,Lafargue's thinking on the "historical destiny of Marxism" consists of three aspects: First,Lafargue's life is much more difficult.Because of leadership and revolutionary activities,he has been repeatedly expelled and exiled by the government.Suffering from the pain of losing a child,the economy is struggling to stumble.Even in the face of the temporary loss or low tide of the revolution,he firmly believes that "socialism will reappear",and the cause of socialist revolution will soon win and abide by Marxist beliefs.Second,in his eyes,Marxist "event" first experienced the stages of Proudhonism,Bakuninism,and Possibleism,and walked out of the labyrinth of various wrong thoughts,and then formed a confrontation with the revisionists.The situation reflects the law of growth of Marxism.Third,the combination of Marxism on the way forward with various wrong thoughts and the movement of the workers is a long-term process of repetitively clearing the "drugs",and the understanding of objective laws presents a spiral rising map.Fifthly,several important issues in Lafargue's ideological proposition determine the true and false of the Marxist view.Lafargue constitutes a core component of his Marxist identity in his position on the semi-anarchist Al Weiwei and the issue of centralism.To this end,by exploring the two typical themes in the Lafargue Marxist view,semi-anarchism and the non-localism,unfolding whether Lafargue is a Marxist speculation and reverting it as revolutionary Marxism The original appearance of the person.In his later years,Lafargue and Gade had a heated debate on some issues of principle.The differences between the two sides focused on the importance of the parliamentary struggle.Judging from the later practice of the French proletarian revolution,Lafargue's proposition also has certain rationality and practical significance.Therefore,some of his ideas and revolutionary struggles in his later years deserve attention.On the whole,Lafargue's mistakes are mainly manifested in: the expression of historical materialism is not precise;the lack of scientific class analysis for peasants;the evaluation of the Paris Commune is one-sided;the role of the state after the proletariat's political power is underestimated,wrong The land believes that the proletarian state should not interfere with any production,and so on.Therefore,in Lafargue's Marxist view,there are important achievements,we need to persist in development,and we have lessons to learn.It is worthy of us to reflect on reflection.When evaluating the Lafargue Marxist view,we must adhere to the evaluation system based on historical perspectives and dialectical methods,which cannot be generalized or conflated.In a nutshell,Lafargue's Marxist view constructed the unique "Lafargue stage" in the history of the international workers' movement.In the history of the development of Marxism,"the contribution of capitalization" and "the mistake of lowercase" coexist. |
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