An Analysis Of The History Of Taoist Political Thought

In Taoism,Fuxi and Huangdi are the distant ancestors,and Yiyin and jiangtaigong are the near ancestors,In the late spring and Autumn period,Taoism was founded by Laozi's "Laozi".Taoism regards "Tao" as its philosophy.It pays attention to the rule of the country and the body,and it is extraordinary to be able to cope with the situation if we keep to the right.Since the emergence of Taoism,because of its profound philosophical foundation,Taoism has a strong vitality.At the same time,Taoism pays attention to conform to the current situation,so Taoism gradually develops into a broad and profound theoretical system.The political thought of Taoism is an important part of the thought of Taoism.This paper attempts to analyze the historical changes of the political thought of Taoism by intercepting the representative typical figures,classic works and practical application in the history of the development of the political thought of Taoism.Through the exploration and analysis of this article,the purpose is to rethink the Taoist political thought,to break away from the prejudice and misunderstanding of Taoist political thought,and to learn and draw lessons from the essence of Taoist political thought.The first chapter is the preface.The second chapter mainly analyzes the political thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi.The first part analyzes Laozi's political thoughts.Lao Tzu's political thought is based on "Taoism and nature",which also lays the most fundamental philosophical foundation for the later political thought of Taoism.Lao Tzu,as a teacher of the emperor,paid great attention to the personal cultivation of the emperor and designed a set of Cultivation Theories,which is also the theoretical source of Taoist cultivation in later generations.As for the practical view of political thought,Lao Tzu proposed "governing by inaction",which is also the theoretical source of later Taoist political thought.The ideal country of Laozi's political thought is "a small country with few people",which is the inevitable destination of Laozi's philosophy,and also Laozi's strategy of pacifying the chaos and ruling the country for the emperor of Zhou in the face of social reality.As for the evaluation of Laozi's political thought,we can see the historical source of Laozi's political thought,its class position of caring for all living beings,and its far-reaching influence on later generations,as well as its defects and shortcomings.The second part analyzes Zhuangzi's political thought.Zhuangzi's political thought is based on the philosophy of "return to simplicity",which also lays the most fundamental philosophical foundation for the seclusion of later Taoism.Zhuangzi paid great attention to the cultivation of personal spiritual realm.Zhuangzi designed a whole set of cultivation theory for the emperor,which is also suitable for the common people.As for the practical view of political thought,Zhuangzi put forward the idea of "simplicity and inaction",which is the development of Zhuangzi's political thought to Laozi's political thought and the difference between them.The ideal country of Zhuangzi's political thought is the world of supreme virtue,which is the inevitable destination of Zhuangzi's philosophy and the romantic heaven envisaged by Zhuangzi in the face of war.As for the evaluation of Zhuangzi's political thought,we can see the class position of Zhuangzi's political thought,which is to get rid of class interests and care for the humanistic spirit,as well as its political value system,as well as its enlightenment to the real politics,and of course,its defects and deficiencies.The third chapter mainly analyzes the political thoughts of Huang Lao in the early Western Han Dynasty and Taoism in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.The first part analyzes the political thoughts of Huang Lao in the early Western Han Dynasty.This part selects the four classics of Huang Di as the research text.Huang Lao's political thought is based on the philosophy and logic of "promoting the heaven and human resources",and attaches great importance to the interaction between heaven and humanity.Different from Taoist hermits,Huanglao school,as the real Taoist emperor school,has designed a set of emperor cultivation theory,which inherits Laozi's political thought,but also shows the characteristics of Huanglao school.Huang Laopai's political thought of "taking hundreds of schools by the way" has formed a political thought of containing hundreds of schools.It can be said that it is the peak theory of the emperor's rule of state that the government can govern the country internally and manage the country externally,and attack and plan to fight against and make friends externally.As for the evaluation of the four classics of the Yellow Emperor,we can see the origin of the four classics of the Yellow Emperor,its historical status,its class position of achieving hegemony and paying attention to people's livelihood,and finally its enlightenment to the contemporary government.The second part analyzes the political thought of Taoism at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.This part selects Taiping Jing as the research text.Taoism's political thought takes "the theological way" as its philosophical and logical foundation,and derives the important religious concept of "heaven",which is the philosophical foundation of Taoism.Taoist political thought has designed a set of imperial practice theory,which inherits the practice theory of Laozhuang school and Huanglao school,but also shows a strong religious mystery.The "Taiping politics" model conceived by Taoist political thought inherits the political picture of Laozhuang school and Huanglao school.It not only shows strong mystery,but also evolves more inclusive.As for the evaluation of the Taipingjing,we can see the origin of the Taipingjing,its historical status,its class position of actively trying to reconcile the interest relationship between different classes,and finally its enlightenment to the contemporary government.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the political thought of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the "official" reform of Taoism in the northern and Southern Dynasties.The first part analyzes the political thought of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The Wei Jin period is a period of great turbulence in China's history,during which the regime changes frequently and disorderly,which makes the "theory of Mingjiao" of the Han Dynasty greatly impacted.At the same time,the study of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty has also evolved to be tedious and pedantic,and a new theory is urgently needed to break this academic situation.In this historical background,the rise of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,including the political thought mainly to explore the relationship between "Mingjiao and nature",the representative figures and thoughts include He Yan and Wang Bi's political thought of "Mingjiao comes from nature";Ruan Ji and Ji Kang '.Metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties had an important impact on the society at that time and left precious spiritual pursuit for later generations.The second part analyzes the political thought of Taoism "official" reform in the southern and Northern Dynasties.The establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the usurpation of the Jin Dynasty by Liu Song opened the southern and Northern Dynasties.From the Taiping Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty,Taoism was still an important spiritual banner of the popular uprising;at the same time,Confucianism still occupied an important position in the ideological field,and Buddhism began to rise in this period;finally,the failure of the Taiping uprising and the demise of Zhang Lu's political power led to the lax organization of Taoism and the serious waste of rules and regulations.The above factors forced Taoism to carry out self-reform.The political direction of Taoism reform in the southern and Northern Dynasties was "official".The representatives included Ge Hong,Kou Qianzhi,Lu Xiujing,Tao Hongjing,etc.after the reform,the original "folk confrontational" Taoism has gradually changed into "official cooperative" Taoism.This reform is of historic significance.It not only established the most fundamental political relationship between the later official and Taoism,but also made the Taoist continuously carry forward in the form of Taoism.The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the practical application of Taoist political thought in Tang,song,Ming and Qing Dynasties,as well as the continuous deepening and evolution of Taoist political thought.In the Tang Dynasty,Taoism was the state religion.Li Yuan,Li Shimin and Li Longji were all the representatives who used the political thoughts of Taoism.Du Guangting in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties was the master of Taoism theory.His representative work was "Tao Te Zhen Jing Guang Sheng Yi".During the Song Dynasty,Taoism still occupied an important position.Zhao Kuangyin,Zhao Guangyi and Zhao Heng were all representatives of Taoism political thoughts.Wang Anshi wrote Laozi note for the implementation of Xining reform,which showed the spirit of change and strength in Taoism political thoughts.During the Ming Dynasty,Taoism still occupied an important position.Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di were both representatives of the use of Taoism political thought.Wang Fuzhi's works Laozi Yan,zhuangzitong and Zhuangzi Jie at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty criticized and summarized the traditional Chinese culture.Although they criticized Taoism political thought,they praised and recognized it more.In the Qing Dynasty,minorities came to dominate the Central Plains,which had a natural rejection to the local religion Taoism in the Central Plains.Although Shunzhi attached great importance to Taoism,it was only a temporary measure of the Qing Dynasty.In the first year of Daoguang,the Qing government completely cut off the relationship with Taoism,which led to the exile of Taoism among the people.As a result,many folk secret religions evolved,especially the boxer group,which not only broke the dream of Western powers to "carve up China",but also set the death knell for the Qing government.Yan Fu,a representative of the reformists in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,wrote Laozi's comments and Zhuangzi's comments,which explored the spiritual connotation of the modern democratic and free political system in Taoist political thoughts.