On The Political And Philosophy Thought Of Huang Zongxi

The Ming Dynasty was established in A.C 1368, which pushed the caesarism authoritarian of China toward summit. In fact, the monarch of Ming Dynasty became a dictator, after Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Emperor of Ming Dynasty, announced the permanent abolishment of the prime minister, which was the sequence of the attempt of a rebellion by Hu Weiyong, the prime minister of Ming Dynasty. In many scholars'eyes, Ming Dynasty is a typically object of study. Huang Zongxi, a famous scholar living in late Ming Dynasty, became the first researcher on caesarism. The sentence the most evil of the world is monarch in his book that named Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu indicates that Huang Zongxi criticize caesarism than any counterparties of his time. He started to criticize the caesarism authoritarian institution rather than a monarch, which was the symbol of a new direction of study.Being a member of Donglin Party as well as a Ming Dynasty descendant, Huang Zongxi had some emotional and practical privileges to form his unique political thoughts. About philosophy thought, Huang Zongxi was influenced by his teacher Liu Zongzhou, a famous scholar in late Ming Dinasty, who criticised Cheng\Zhu Li-Xue and tried to integrate Xin-Xue. Huang Zongxi inherited his thought. And then Huang Zongxi proposed a new philosophy concept that is"Qi-Ben-Lun""Li-Qi-Shi-Yi"from his teacher's thought. At the same time, Huang Zongxi inferred"Xin-Xing-Shi-Yi". On this basis, he established his own philosophy system. In this system,"Qi"is the nature of the universe, its logic is from"Qi"to"Li","Li"to"Xing","Xing"to"Shan", finally from"Shan"to"human". This philosophy system is the root of Huang Zongxi's political thought.But that's not enough to Huang Zongxi's thought so be concerned by more scholars? The true reason is Huang Zongxi's political thought has some similarities with the democracy of the Western contries now, which obtained high praise from Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong, Sun Zhonshan etc, some torchbearers in the later period of Qing Dynasty, whose respectfully called Huang Zhongxi"Rousseau of the East". And they believed Huang Zhongxi's political thoughts belong to democracy.As time passed by, more and more scholars think Huang Zhongxi's political thought isn't democracy after in-depth study of his thought. They claim that Huang Zhongxi's political thought belong to"Min-Ben". In fact, Huang Zhongxi hoped the moral noble monarch who just like ancient monarch, he hoped that monarch can strengthen personal moral practices training, and he envisaged established a system of limited restrict monarch power, which was kept in Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu. That clearly showed Huang Zhongxi's didn't really oppose monarch system or agree with the separation of powers, but only oppose monarch autocratic. His political thought is misunderstood by a lot of people because of some vague expressions. So his thoughts seem like democracy when first studied, but they will turn out more like to be"Min-Ben"when careful study is carried out.