Based On Learning:The Research Of The Pre-Qin Teaching

The Pre-Qin teaching is the beginnings of Chinese traditional teaching,which providing a basis for the development of traditional Chinese teaching.Moreover,the teaching of Pre-Qin occupied a dominant position in exploring the ins and outs of Chinese traditional teaching.This article attempted to analyze the changes and characteristics of teaching in the goals,contents,processes,methods,etc.from the perspective of“learning”.The aim was to reveal the "learning-based" education based on the investigation of Pre-Qin teaching.The manuscript consisted of four main parts: The first part was the development of "learning".This part focused on the features of teaching in the Pre-Qin.At that time,as aristocrat slave owners mastered the dominance of teaching,teaching mainly focused on cultivating aristocratic children with both literacy and military,upholding an ethicaloriented knowledge concept.Meanwhile,proposing a “learning half” teaching ideology,which set requirements to the attitude toward learning and methods of learning,teaching procedures as well as the assessment systems.The second part explained the emergence of "learning-based" teaching.During this period,private lectures began to appear and were influenced by lecturers' own thoughts and changes of socio-political.Teaching began to focus on the shaping of individual personality and development of ability.Based on their respective views on talents,different requirements for individual qualities have emerged.e.g.,some concerned about natural personality while some required ability and integrity of individuals;some also payed close attention to individual morality,speech and Taoism.In order to achieve these different goals,different lecturers have arranged different teaching contents and objectively enriched the understanding of knowledge.The teaching in this period inherited and developed the thoughts focused on “learning”.On the one hand,they discussed the path of study,and on the other hand,they explained differently whether or not to perform language teaching and how to perform language teaching.The third part was the development of "learning-based" teaching.Based on the development of the previous teaching,teaching in this period has made great progress in terms of goals,contents,processes and methods.First of all,lecturers have conducted a depth analysis of human nature in teaching goals,thus they measured the development of talent from the perspective of human nature.Secondly,the awareness of the value of knowledge is more diversified,e.g.,some claimed the grasping of the rationale of all things;some highlighted the "benevolence and justice";some emphasized the combination of cultural knowledge and morality;some also emphasized the actual practical utility.Meanwhile,in the understanding of the teaching process,there are two major differences between the internal "thinking" and the external "learning".The "thinking" also showed difference between irrational thinking and rational thinking,while the external "learning" was manifested in the orderly education and teaching emphasis on the action.Finally,when considering how to promote “learning”,there was also a depth study on how to “teach”.e.g.,some advocated speechless;some advocated silken tongue;some also advocated speech indoctrination.The fourth part was the mature stage of "learning-based" teaching.This teaching stage has entered into a period based on experience,articles related to teaching have emerged.They sum up the teaching goals as individual moral,intelligence and behavioral;teaching content as ethical and moral-based knowledge;teaching process as learning,moral cultivation,or the combination of the two;teaching methods as emphasizing the combination of excellent teaching and perfect learning.To sum up,the development of Pre-Qin teaching reflected the different requirements of different lecturers for talents in different social contexts;it also embodied the role of different knowledge in promoting various literacy;in addition,it showed that traditional Chinese teaching is based on learning,while the teaching also promoted the learning.In the process of development,teaching of the Pre-Qin also explored the relationship between teaching and learning,individual subjectivity and sociality,morality and knowledge,as well as knowledge and behavior.Although the teaching experience of Pre-Qin was still not mature,but it served as the origin of traditional Chinese teaching,it established the category and framework of traditional Chinese teaching based on accumulation of teaching experiences.