The Reserch On Habermas' S Thought Of The Public Sphere From The Perspective Of Practical Philosophy

The "Public Sphere",as a modern social issue that Habermas is most concerned about,runs through every stage of his thought.As a metaphysical representative,Habermas is in the tradition of practical philosophy to continuously develop and deepen his understanding of public sphere issues.Arendt originally proposed the concept of "public sphere",and under the influence of Arendt,Habermas traced back the life of the ancient Greek city-state described by Aristotle.It can be said that his entire theoretical system was generally completed under the framework of Aristocratic practical philosophy.In general,Aristotle divides all human activities into three types: theory,practice,and creation.According to Aristotle,practice exists as the most "human" knowledge,the theoretical knowledge of near God is the highest practice,and the creative knowledge in the sense of slavery is the lowest practice."Practice is the general term for all forms of human activity.He tried to attribute all human activities to a kind of ultimate 'goodness' domination.Based on this basic distinction,Aristotle constructs two sets of problem-relationship frameworks: The first is the relationship between theoretical knowledge,practical knowledge,and creative knowledge in its entire epistemology;In general,all forms of crisis pointed to by critical theory can be revealed in the discordant state of the three kinds of knowledge;The second is the relationship between moral ethics and politics within its practical knowledge.Later,according to the difference between the principle of nature and the principle of freedom,Kant dealt with the practical philosophy again.It is divided into technical practice theory and ethical-political practice theory,and ethical-political practice theory is the orthodox practical philosophy that they all recognize.The philosophy of practice has developed two evolvement routes,one is the technical practice theory represented by Galileo and Bacon,this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the root causes of the crisis in the public sphere from the perspective of technical practice;The other is the ethical-political practice tradition represented by Locke and Rousseau.This paper takes ethical-political practice as the perspective to guide the reconstruction of the public sphere.Among them,there is no lack of cross-vision between technical practice and ethical and political practice,for example,it can be divided into two approaches:One is the theory of political technology represented by Machiavelli and Moore(the theory of political technology)and the theory of technical politics represented by Fromm and Adorno(the ideology of science and technology)in the later period.More practical philosophy is based on Aristotle's traditional theory of knowledge based on various practical philosophy into the extension of the road,so to speak,Aristotle's philosophy of practice to become a practical philosophy,analyze the problem of modernity,Habermas also learnt the Marx,Jaspers,Heidegger,Gadamer and Arendt precious resources of thoughts.Habermas incorporated his "Public Sphere" thought into the framework of practical philosophy for examination.First,public sphere issues are classified as practical knowledge as issues of political philosophy.Habermas' s practical philosophy is based on the "public sphere" as the field of practice,which means that the political public sphere emerges relative to theoretical knowledge and creative knowledge;Secondly,under the overall framework of Aristocratic Practical Philosophy,Habermas deeply criticized the crisis forms of the public sphere at different historical stages.He believes that theoretical knowledge,creative knowledge,and the irrational combination between the two are the external causes that lead to alienation in the political public sphere;Moreover,through his internal analysis of practical knowledge,he found that the structural transformation of the political public sphere is ultimately due to the departure of public politics from the basic foundation of moral ethics.However,the reconstruction of the public sphere is the return of political science to moral ethics.As an encyclopedic philosopher,Habermas' s huge ideological system can actually be regarded as an analysis and reconstruction of the crisis of the "public sphere".No matter from which perspective of a single discipline,we are unable to grasp the essence of its thinking.Therefore,only by taking Habermas' s entire ideological system as the target,using practical philosophy as the analytical framework,and interdisciplinary investigations,can we see the mechanism of the public sphere crisis.With this as a guide to the reconstruction of the public sphere,it is possible to have a corresponding grasp of the grand modern social problem of the "public sphere",and then rebuild the "good city state" in modern society.This fully demonstrates the democratic political ideal and practical value of Habermas' s public sphere thought.