A Study Of Habermas’s Theory Of Public Sphere Issues In A View Of Marx’s Philosophy

The essence of public sphere issues is the process of the constant changing and generating of subjectivity in the formation of public rationality. Public Sphere is ’public’, which emphasizes the transition from ’private’ to ’public’ and the flow of relationships between individuals rather ’private’. In this sense,’public’ is also a process of the formation of subjective freedom consciousness. Public Sphere is a space not only generated from and independent of private sphere, but withstanding and serving political power of a state. Rather than the intermediate sphere bounded and restricted by the separation of state and society, the space of public sphere reflects the continuously changing of subjective structure of public sphere in the generation of public ration, which has turned to be different historical forms in the development of social economy. Therefore, the ’space’ shows the process of the subject developing from enlightenment to independent consciousness and the direction towards a free world. Habermas discusses the stage characteristics of public sphere issues in a view of the state of public sphere development. Regardless of classic public sphere, representative public sphere and bourgeois public sphere, the generation of subjective consciousness expressed by public sphere issues plays a crucial logic clue in the interpretation of public issues.This paper studies on Habermas’s theory of the bourgeois public sphere in the perspective of Marx’s analysis of civil society and public sphere, which analyzes, judges and explains public sphere issues by the logic of the subjective generation. Considering the public sphere issues is an important logical clues of the whole paper. In the first part, this paper mainly discusses the public issues is put forward and the public sphere of research in the field of domestic and foreign research present situation, as well as the paper innovation points. The second part discusses the issues of public sphere in the historical evolution of theories and the subjectivity in the public sphere in the process of historical stages of formation development. The third part of this paper discusses the inherent evolution logic of Habermas’s theory of public sphere. It is an inevitable economic result that the public sphere of bourgeois decline from its generation. Therefore, it is useless for Habermas to solve this crisis of capitalism with public reason. The forth part of this paper considers the bourgeois public sphere critical shift from literary critical to politics, which is critical to in the field of public subjectivity, from the analysis of critics of pubic sphere. In the last part, this paper discusses the limitation of Habermas’s theory of public sphere issues and the possibility and method of constructing the public sphere in contemporary China by the perspective of Marx’s theory of civil society, publicity and subjectivity.