Practical Viewpoints And Transcending The “Egocentric Predicament”

The “egocentric predicament” is a fundamental theoretical problem brought about by recent philosophies of subjectivity.The problem of the “egocentric predicament” consists of two main aspects: In the relationship between "I-thinking subject" and “object I-thought”,it is difficult for the "I-thinking subject" to penetrate the inner consciousness,so as to transcend itself,cutting into the heterogeneous objective objects outside of consciousness.So it creates a split between “I-thinking subject” and “object I-thought”,between thinking and existence.At the level of ethical values,as "I-think subject" is substantialized,understanding the relationship between the I and the others,the I and the world,from this point of view,inevitably leads to confrontation and conflict between them.This problem has always been embedded and pervasive in the development of the modern metaphysics of subjectivity,and the search for its overcoming and transcendence has become the main theoretical task to which modern philosophy has consciously arrived.Marx's philosophy,especially its practical viewpoints,has thoroughly reflected and responded to this problem in its unique revolutionary way,and its clear and profound insight is still very important for us to understand and overcome this problem today.Therefore,this paper chooses to develop a core topic related to the overcoming and transcending of the egocentric predicament by Marx's practical viewpoints.The “egocentric predicament” arises in direct relation to the the "turn of the subject" in modern philosophy and the resulting conception of the I,the “I” is understood as the “first substance” that is independent and self-sufficient,absolutely real,and eternally present,thus replacing the status and role of the “God substance” in traditional society and philosophy,which embodies the spirit of modernity and is of great significance for humanistic emancipation.However,this substantialized “I” is a theoretical product of the traditional metaphysical way of thinking,by following the principles of a foundationalist,absolutist,time-transcending ahistorical,'centre-periphery' structural model of thinking that the I is understood and set,it is also a priori,rootless,closed and arbitrary,and it is this set of characteristics and the theoretical paradigm of the philosophy of consciousness intrinsically linked to it that fundamentally leads to the problem of the “egocentric predicament”.On the one hand,the paradox of immanence and transcendence constitutes an inherent contradiction in the substantialized I,which inevitably leads to the problem of the "split in thinking and existence".On the other hand,the substantialization of the I inevitably leads to the loss of the dimension of the 'others',and the obscuring of the social nature of the individual leads to the dissolution of the sense of spiritual communion between humans,thus exacerbating the contradiction between the I and the others,which constitutes the deep ethical predicament of modernity.The resolution of the above-mentioned “egocentric predicament” has been a major theoretical challenge for philosophers throughout the history of philosophy.Hegel tries to realize the unity of reason and reality,thinking and existence in a discursive way by means of conceptual dialectics,but since it is still bound within the philosophy of consciousness,it is at best a unity of “concept” to “existence” within consciousness,and thus does not fundamentally solve this problem.It is Marx's philosophy that has really responded effectively to the problem of the“egocentric predicament”.Taking the practical viewpoint as a fundamental theoretical principle,Marx created a new explanatory framework and theoretical perspective,making a groundbreaking contribution to solving this major theoretical predicament inherited from the history of philosophy.From the practical point of view,Marx fundamentally promotes the paradigm shift from the philosophy of consciousness to the philosophy of practice,and to achieve the reversal of the purely conscious relationship between human beings and the world,thus transcending the abstract philosophy of consciousness,and at the same time,it is in the ontogenetic and fundamental sensual practical activities that both consciousness-activity and sensibility-passivity find their basis in reality,thus realizing their negative unity.Based on the way of thinking from practical viewpoints,Marx carried out an in-depth critique of the notion of the substantialized I and realized a fundamental change in the understanding of the I as a sensual existence of body and mind and a generative relational existence,and finally established the I as a “mankind subject”,thus effectively dissolving the notion of the substantialized I.On the basis of a conscious understanding of practical activity,the theoretical difficulties of the “egocentric predicament” were concretely and effectively overcome by Marx.In the pre-reflective,pre-conceptual and pre-logical existential sense,the I and the world are organically integrated in human's ontogenetic practical activity,so that thinking and existence,as their intrinsic links and elements,have an ontogenetic unity.At the same time,in the sense of social existence,in the social,opening sensual object activity,human beings exchange their essence with nature,achieving the unity of conformity and purposiveness,the unity of consciousness-activity and sensibility-passivity,in which sense thinking and existence achieve a negative unity.The true nature of I-existence is revealed in practical viewpoints,that is,Marx,through his critique and examination of the alienation of the human being in the possessive mode of existence,realized that the true nature of the life of the I lies in the generative and creative “existence”,not in the isolated and greedy “possession”.In this way,Marx has deeply reflected on and criticized the possessive and atomic “economic man”of modern capitalist society,which has led to a new understanding of human in the dimension of social existence and laid a solid theoretical and ideological foundation for overcoming the "egocentric predicament" in real society.Finally,in order to fundamentally overcome and transcend the divisive predicament of modern society,it is necessary to generate a "human society" based on the abandonment of private property,thus opening up interrelationships between human beings in the sense of "mankind" and thus achieving the organic unity between the I and the others,between individual and society.