| This paper mainly takes the northwest region as the scope,takes the period from the beginning of the Republic of China to the third—line construction of the People's Republic of China as the time period,and discusses the relationship between industry and water resources on the basis of restoring the industrial development and geographical distribution in northwest China since the Republic of China,using local chronicles,archives,journals of the Republic of China,travel notes and government decree documents.This paper focus on the utilization of water resources.With the help of industrial economics theory,this paper explains from three aspects:from the perspective of water resources,how water resources affected industry;From the perspective of industry,how to use water resources in industry;From the standpoint of human beings,how could human beings supply water in the face of the reality of water shortage?The industrial and human perspectives could be classified as subjective perspectives,with the difference that one focuses on concrete "use" and the other on how to "supply".If water consumption was most closely related to the production characteristics of enterprises,the change of water supply was more related to the increase of water demand and the maturity of technology caused by the expansion of enterprises.Of course,"supply" and "use" belonged to the technical level,and could also be understood as various ways and means adopted by human beings to utilize water resources.Therefore,this paper is helpful to understand how to solve the water shortage and achieve development under the condition of water shortage,which has good practical significance for the industrial development in this area.First of all,the impact of water resources on industry could be divided into direct impact and indirect impact.The former included providing water,power support,raw material input and domestic water for industrial production;Indirect influences could affect industrial production through agricultural and sideline industries or "upstream and downstream" supporting industries of hydropower industry.Different types of water resources and hydrological conditions would have different impacts on industry,which would eventually be reflected through industrial distribution and development.The influence of water resources on industry was related to the demand or quality of water resources.From the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China,the order of tightness was different.Secondly,industrial utilization of water resources could be divided into direct utilization and indirect utilization.The most representative of the direct utilization was the hydraulic hydropower.This paper focuses on this.In the period of the Republic of China,the construction and decline of the hydraulic industry were presented in Shaanxi by taking Jinghui,Weihui and Meihui canals in Guanzhong as examples,while other provinces distributed through statistical channels to get a glimpse of its general distribution.As for hydropower industry,during the Republic of China,it was mostly in the stage of planning and investigation,and there were many discussions,but it was not built on a large scale.It should be confined to the actual industrial construction demand,hydrological environment,technology and capital in Northwest China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,hydropower was built on a large scale,and before 1980s,most of the provinces were mainly small hydropower,which was mainly caused by the policy of vigorously developing "small soil groups" at that time.In addition,mining industry,traditional industry,machine industry and so on directly utilized water resources.During the Republic of China,the mining industry used various forms of water resources,such as water diversion and elutriation by rivers or canals,natural condensation of lake water,steaming and drying after water diversion and perfusion,water cooking,boiling,frying and rain leaching.However,fur processing industry,paper industry and daily products industry mostly soak raw materials or semi—finished products in water,or added water in the process of forming blanks to improve product quality.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,water—related tools,production technology and mining methods in mining had been reformed.The utilization of water resources in machine industry mainly included cooling,boiler,process,cleaning and industrial and domestic water.The indirect utilization of water resources by industry was mainly reflected in the transportation of industrial raw materials or products by rivers,while the main transportation reaches in northwest China were concentrated in Lanzhou—Baotou section and Yumen—Tongguan section of the Yellow River,and other larger rivers also had different degrees of river transportation.Finally,as far as industrial water supply was concerned,the general water demand of industry in the Republic of China was small,and groundwater could be used by drilling wells;Built reservoirs and water towers to store water;We could save water or suggest that the government coordinated and guaranteed water use;we could also draw river water.In the People's Republic of China period,the industrial water demand increased,and in the early stage of building a factory,it often relied on vehicles or livestock to transport water;When the technical and financial conditions were available,a waterworks could be built to supply water;Built a dam and then built a water pipeline to supply water;Extracted river water by a high—pressure pump;Collected water by seepage canal and seepage pipe;Direct water diversion in open channel;The old law of the Republic of China could also be adopted.Of course,different industries had different water demands in the same period,and the same industry had different water demands in different stages,so the water supply mode would change,and there were also situations where multiple water supply forms coexist.As for the cities in the Republic of China,water use was generally solved by well water;After the founding of the People's Republic of China,water companies were generally established in big cities,of course,their water sources and peripheral engineering facilities were the focus of efforts.In the research,there are some problems that need to be cleaned up,such as water competition and water resources allocation,and pollution during water use.In addition,this thesis thinks about the relationship between industrial water demand,engineering technology,utilization modes and layout,and thinks that northwest industry must seek a balance among demand,technology,utilization and layout considering the utilization of water resources.At the same time,water supply modes and location interacted each other,and even water resource conditions as location factors could be improved and created with the improvement of human engineering and technology,which means that the meaning of location was expanding,and at the same time,with the intervention of human beings,location had been in a dynamic change stage. |
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