Research On Allan Gibbard’s Normative Judgments Theory

In moral life,we are inevitably endowed with a value standard of thinking and action by the concept of "normative".The main goal of normative ethics is to standardize people’s reasonable actions as a guidance.Whether and how people can make reasonable normative judgments is becoming more and more important in moral philosophy research and life practice.As a representative of non-cognitiveism in moral controversy,Allan Gibbard responded to the issue of ethics with a normative expressionist stance,and raised it in the process of dealing with moral "normative" and "rationality".And he also argued a "normative judgment" theory.Based on the examination of moral normative logic,normative psychological emotions,normative knowledge,and normative actions,he attempts attempted to establish a moral judgment system that relies on normative expression.In his view,when people judge the correctness of behavior or events,or express their attitude of approval,they cannot do without moral beliefs,and the feeling of such moral beliefs is "certified.",which makes people actually in a state of mind that has pre-accepted a set of normative systems.People’s emotional reactions and moral judgments are carried out according to such a normative system,and such idealized normative system is not easy to achieve,because it faces at least several problems: First,it is uncertain whether a normative moral understanding can be transformed into normative knowledge.Second,people’s moral intuition is logically contradictory,so we need to try to direct people’s conflicting intuition to a consistent goal.Third,in people’s moral life and social interaction,it is doubted whether we can urge them to truly accept the normative system to achieve a moral consensus.Fourth,the effectiveness of normative judgment can motivate people to move from reasonable reasoning to standardized actions.Allen Gibbard’s "normative judgment" theory explains two major themes: the normative expression of finding consensus and the appropriateness of punitive moral emotions.These two themes are directly related to his normative logic system,rationality judgment and moral sense.Since Gibbard analyzed normative and rationality with non-cognitive attitude,his analysis of moral judgment is also non-Cognitive.He reduced the "normative" judgment to a special judgment on "rationality",in which the problem of normative understanding and rational judgment was dealt with.The purpose of moral judgment is to coordinate people’s feelings and behaviors constantly.The emergence of "objectivity" in moral judgment helps to enhance this coordination.Contemporary non-cognitiveism pays more attention to the interpretation of moral arguments and moral practices,and attempts to explain the realist factors in moral discourse.This theory proposed by Gibbard further weakens the boundaries between cognition and non-cognitiveism and represents moderate moral realism.