Research On The Sacrificial Writings Of Ming And Qing Dynasty

Sacrificial writing is a kind of congratulation text which interacts with ghosts and gods in ritual activities.It is good at expressing emotions or ideas gradually in the historical development,and has both ritual function and literary value.The research takes the sacrificial writings of Ming and Qing Dynasty as the objects,through the collation and analysis of the sacrificial writing of Ming and Qing Dynasty,goes deep into the history and connotation of etiquette culture and various social classes.On the basis of inheriting the traditional style of sacrificial prose,this paper pays more attention to the social and ideological value of sacrificial prose in Ming and Qing Dynasty.According to the functions and corresponding social fields of sacrificial writing,it is divided into national ritual sacrificial writings,Confucian scholars sacrificial writings,folk sacrificial writings.It mainly discusses the social thoughts or historical trends around sacrificial writings in the Ming and Qing Dynasty,and highlights the pragmatism and humanistic spirit.There are five chapters in this research.The discussion focuses on three aspects: the national ritual texts,the scholars' ritual texts and the texts in civil society.The first chapter is a brief review of the history of Chinese sacrificial writings before Ming and Qing Dynasties.Sacrificial writings originated from the tradition of "Zhu" in ancient times,and were an integral part of the national ritual culture in the pre Qin and Qin and Han Dynasty.However,after the Wei,Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties,the elegy of expressing emotion rose and matured in the Tang and Song dynasty.The rich ritual function and literary form of sacrificial writings laid the foundation for the later era.The second chapter combs the common sacrificial writings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,including the analysis of their functions and types.There are many kinds of ritual texts in national ritual and ritual books,including the ritual texts used in various ritual occasions.In the sacrificial writings of heaven and earth,country,ancestral temple,Confucius and various gods,the sacrificial writings recorded the changes of ritual system or political events.The establishment and transformation of the system of sacrificial writings in the early Ming Dynasty,Jiajing period,and the utilization of sacrificial writings by Manchu in Qing Dynasty are important nodes to strengthen the connection between national sacrificial writings and politics.The third chapter discusses the relationship between imperial power and sacrificial writings in Ming and Qing Dynasty on the basis of national ritual.Ming and Qing Dynasty is a peak of Chinese monarchy.Autocratic power plays an important role in the life of the country and its subjects.As a tool of power narration,sacrificial writings reflect the trend of various historical events.This paper also pays special attention to the way of handling multi-ethnic affairs in Manchu sacrificial writings in Qing Dynasty.Through a series of system regulations and implementation means of Qing Dynasty sacrificial rites,the political authority of people living in Qing in the multi-ethnic perspective can be displayed.The fourth chapter focuses on the Confucian scholars,involving various forms and styles of sacrifice including mourning and praying for God.The memorial articles of scholars mainly contain information about literature history and ideological history.The literature characteristics of the memorial literature of Ming and Qing Dynasty and its relationship with the style of literature since Tang and Song dynasties are the core of exploring the literary value of the sacrificial literature in Ming and Qing Dynasty.The memorial articles of scholars in Ming and Qing dynasties also reflected some phenomena of ideological history,such as Neo Confucianism,Yangming school,the rise of Qianjia Han school,the three education associations,and political "academic unity" and ethnic contradictions.At the same time,China in Ming and Qing dynasties had a close relationship with European civilization.The exchange and interaction of sacrificial writings reinterpreted the values of Chinese culture.In addition,this paper notes that the Ming and Qing scholars' sacrifice articles have more concern for individual life and death,which are the important contents of showing the humanistic spirit.The fifth chapter talks about the moving down and spreading of sacrificial writings in Ming and Qing Dynasty.The spread and development of sacrificial writings in civil society is the process of the Confucian mainstream ritual culture moving down.Through the investigation of Confucian ritual practice in the folk,as well as the ritual information in daily books,popular literature and other knowledge carriers,it will effectively reveal the development direction of folk culture in secularization.At last,the research gets some basic understanding about the situation of sacrificial writings in Ming and Qing Dynasty.The style and style of sacrificial rites in Ming and Qing Dynasty basically inherited that of Tang and Song Dynasty,while the level of literary creation stagnated.But at the same time,the sacrificial writings of Ming and Qing Dynasty showed some humanistic care and pragmatism values,reflecting people's concern for social reality and human happiness at that time.