A Research On "Four Nyayas" Related With Tibetan Pramana Linguistic Logic

The dissertation is based on the theories of vocabulary logic,comparative logic,historical philology and religious philosophy to makes a preliminary study on the history of Buddhist logic development,which is dominated by Four Nyayas(Eng.:the four kinds of reasoning),such as statistics and induction.Amongst,the method of linguistic logic runs through the whole dissertation,because the origin and later development of Pramana is inseparable from the relevant special language vocabulary through the interpretation of corresponding logic.For example,Dignagha,an ancient Indian philosopher,initially established his three-phase system of causation by using the basic words of declarative science,such as"yod-pa","nyid"and"nges-pa".His indirect disciple,Dharmakirti,combined the logical method of three-phase system of causation with words such as"Existed"and"None-Existed",and had a deeper exploration of the classification of cause.In the later period,based on the original Pramana classics,the Tibetan Pramanic scholars combined the Tibetan Linguistic Logic with the Pramanic Logic,and opened up the Collected Topics of Basic Pramana,Pramanic Psychology,and Pramanic Logic.In addition,Tibetan scholars have written works by combining Pramanic Logic and with related vocabulary,such as the memorandum of Classification of Dharma by Kalwa Paltseg,the great translator,the Orthography which Source of the Sage by Jangkya Ropa Dorje,and the Synonyms of Five Great Treatises by Longdor Lama Ngawang Lobzang.Thus,the author believes that it is necessary to explore the relationship between Pramana and Linguistic Logic.Firstly,the thesis elaborates the theme one by one in the longitudinal time and the horizontal space.Space involves the Tibetan areas of India and China,and the time involves the"menstrual period"and"sparse period"of ancient India,as well as the Early Period and Later Period of Buddhism in Tibetan area.Secondly,from the perspective of Marxist dialectics,the author makes a comparative analysis of the contents of the Four Nyayas in the category of ancient Indian philosophy.Finally,the similarities and differences between the two different fields are stated.This paper is divided into five Chapters.The 1^st and 2^nd Chapter discusses the origin and development of the Four Nyayas from the vertical perspective.The other three Chapters expound the content and significance of the Four Nyayas from the horizontal perspective.The details are as follows:The 1^st Chapter describes the origin of the Four Nyayas.The chapter consists of two parts:the first section explores the origin of the concept of orthodoxy and summarizes the development stage of ancient Indian philosophy through the interpretation of four concepts,namely,Veda,Ny?ya,Hetuvidy?,and Pram?na;and there are the most common one in ancient Indian philosophy.The 2^nd Chapter takes the Buddha's Teaching on Deep Secret Scripture as the initial source of the theory system of Four Nyayas and the local division of yoga as a typical masterpiece of further deepening the theory system of Four Nyayas.Secondly,the author explains the Four Nyayas Four Nyayas system in the Buddha's Speech which is Called Nyaya wheel in Tibetan area and its contents through the form of ancient Pramana which followed under the Indian Philosophers,Asanga and Vasubandhu.However,during the Later Period of Tibetan Buddhism it was completely replaced by the theory of the two Indian Masters,Dignaga and Dharmakirti in the field of Pramana in Tibetan area.The 3rd Chapter is on the basis of the Buddha's Speech which is Called Nyaya wheel compares and analyzes the four orthodox theories in the classic works derived from ancient Indian philosophy,such as Buddha's Teaching on Deep Secret Scripture,Yogacarya-Bhumi,Abhidharma Samachaya,and the Great Stages of the Path to Enlightenment and so forth.Moreover,it discusses the similar theoretical system in the classification,formal logic and Marxist dialectics.The 4^th Chapter takes the Two Kinds of Valid Cognition in the positive reason as its core content,and explains the reasons why the opposite cause is divided into the Pseudo-Perception and Merely Apparent Inference,and why the Two Valid-Cognition are called unambiguous cognition from the positive and negative aspects.The 5^th Chapter discusses the meaning of the theory of Four Nyayas and the application of its logic system in theancient Indian Buddhist philosophy,such as how to establish the four meanings and Egoless categories by using the logic system of the Four Nyayas.Combined with the cases in real life,the deep connotation of the theory system of Four Nyayas helps to establish Marxist correct world outlook,outlook on life and values.In short,there are many similarities in the theory system of the East and West.This paper compares the Four Nyayas system with the Marxist dialectics and other contents,and explains its similarities.As a speculative theoretical system and logical thinking method,the theory system of Four Nyayas,like Marx Dialectics,has a high application value in philosophy and other disciplines,but also has a wide range of uses in real life,because these theoretical systems have common features in all aspects of the subject and object in the process of exploring the world.Thus,these theories are not limited to the differences between regions and populations,which makes them a knowledge wealth shared by human beings.