The Return Of Politics To Morality

The Enlightenment thought in the 18 th century played the strongest voice of human ideals.Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the pioneer of Enlightenment thought in France.In the genealogy of the most outstanding thinkers and philosophers of the bourgeois democratic revolution in France in the 18 th century,Rousseau had the most unique temperament.When enlightenment thinkers advocated rational headed by Voltaire,criticized the feudal autocratic system and religious system,Rousseau has induction to the modern civilization with the system of social drawbacks,in the society of the utilitarianism,his pursuit of freedom,holding up the banner of "return to nature",a kingdom of emotional appeal of conscience,puts forward the moral world on political and social and political ideas of the world,this article attempts from the construction of two of the world-the moral and political relations to contact Rousseau's inner world and outer world logic,to "the return of morality in politics" this thesis reveals the ethical connotation of Rousseau's political philosophy.The construction of community is based on the common will formed by citizens' moral choice,endowing the community with morality,and ensuring the people's virtue and happiness with the contract society.The pursuit of ethical values becomes the end of politics;The political community has become a way to realize ethical value.From the perspective of the two worlds proposed by Rousseau,this paper studies the relationship between politics and morality in Rousseau's thought,which is of great theoretical significance for us to understand modern politics.The main body from five chapters to Rousseau's political philosophy of the logical relations of the study.The first chapter analyzes the opposition and unity between the natural state and the social state,and analyzes the origin of naturalism from the retrospection of the concept of nature,so as to draw out what is the goodness of nature under the natural state and the corruption of nature under the social state.The second chapter mainly elaborates the internal evolution from natural person to social citizen.Rousseau took the state of nature as the beginning of his thoughts,thus refined the connotation of human nature,pointed out the alienation of human beings in the state of nature,and solved the alienation of human beings by constructing a new moral behavior of human beings,and finally made efforts to build a moral society supported by the public will.In the process of establishing a good social order,Rousseau takes emotion and moral behavior as the goal,and tries to establish a political system with common public interests,which is to cultivate human benevolence among citizens,so as to promote the unity of rights and responsibilities in the hearts of every citizen.The third chapter,mainly through the reconstruction of Rousseau's the political world,reveals how the public will is possible.The Public will is a key concept of Rousseau's political philosophy.Rousseau's public will essentially reflects the will of all citizens,and national laws are the institutionalized expression of public will,and a good democratic society must be a society governed on the basis of public will.The "common will" formed by citizens' moral choice is the core to construct the community,endue the community with morality,and guarantee the people's virtue and happiness with the contract society.The relationship between freedom and public will is not diametrically opposed,but dialectical.The ultimate goal of Rousseau's political philosophy is to construct a good social mechanism to solve the contradictions between individuals and society,to encourage people to get along with each other sincerely,and to make everyone's will be realized through the harmonious society of freedom and justice.The fourth chapter mainly takes "the return of morality to politics" as the argument,and reveals that Rousseau's ethical construction is the criticism of modern politics to abandon morality,is the inheritance and return of classical virtue and classical political philosophy paradigm,and Rousseau's pursuit of ethical value becomes the political goal.The political community has become a way to realize ethical value.From the political world to the moral world,realize the construction of the moral world to the political world,and highlight the important role of ethics in the construction of the political world.The fifth chapter mainly elaborates the ultimate position political society is to reconstruct moral and political world,Rousseau in the construction of the political world,to rebuild social and reshape the two kinds of governance model as the basic goal of a civilized society governance,based on the theory of social contract and support,sufficient to train a person's character is a free life,pay attention to the emotional core status,and by establishing a Franco-German and unified ideal political community power and responsibility,rebuild social regime,it is the uniqueness of Rousseau's political philosophy thought.Therefore,Rousseau is committed to building a harmonious society of people on the basis of good legal and moral education,which is a sign of a mature society ruled by law,a realistic way to cultivate citizens with good quality,and a permanent and important value on the road to real happiness.