On The Logical Evolution In Marx's Idea Of Freedom

Marx pointed out that the lack of individual freedom in the ancient times,and the essence of freedom in capitalist society is not the freedom of person but the freedom of capital.Marx's freedom divide into three stages: the first stage of Marx's freedom view,which is called period of Doctoral Thesis.In this stage,Marx broke through restriction of theology by means of analyzing Epicurus' atomism.But he found the freedom of self-awareness can't realize the freedom of dasein.The freedom of self-awareness caused the disunion of Ought and Reality.The second stage is the development process of Marx's freedom view.In the period of Rhein Newspaper,Marx tried to unite material interest state's laws,but this method was not very effective;Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of right and German-French Yearbook showed that the political freedom must be based on human liberation.The third stage is the establishment of Marx's freedom view.In Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844,Marx showed that alienation is restraint of freedom;In The German Ideology,Marx finally established historical materialism.Freedom will be realized through perishing capitalist system and its ideology.In Capital and its manuscript,the development of man will be established through criticizing illusory freedom of capitalist society.The true freedom of man is based on community.Concretely,labor of material production is the reality dimension of freedom,and labor of spiritual production is the transcend dimension of freedom.Finally,Marx's view of freedom criticizes the modernity of capitalism.This paper attempts to present Marx's criticism of modernity in his thought,so as to provide a possibility to solve the problem of modernity and give us some enlightenment at the same time.Marx regarded modernity as the sum of social existence and social consciousness under the capitalist system.The core is the domination of capital logic to modern society,which causes the structural contradictions of capitalist society.The logic of capital comes from the abstraction of general material production and labor,and the absolutism of such material production forms a free market economic system on this basis,and capital becomes an indispensable part of social material production.However,it ignores the fact that the material production of capitalist society is carried out in the capitalist relations of production,a specific historical relationship.The exploitation of surplus value and the antagonism between the two classes and the alienation of human beings brought by capitalist relations of production are concealed by the abstraction of general material production.The logic of capital causes polarization and abstraction of individual freedom,and plundering capital appreciation through the combination of capital and state power in the world.The enlightenment of Marx's free thought is to study the development of China in the historical dimension with the dialectical method of historical materialism.The productive capacity of the logic of capital must be harnessing,while resolutely limiting its penetration into the political and social spheres.