The Moral Dimension Of Marx's Philosophy

How to understand the moral dimension of Marxist philosophy is a controversial issue in the course of the development of Marxist philosophy,and scholars have put forward many different and even opposite views on this topic.Therefore,it is a significant theoretical task,which is unavoidable,to understand the theoretical nature of Marxist philosophy and to promote the development of contemporary Marxist philosophy in order to elucidate and defend the moral dimension of Marxist philosophy.To explore the moral dimension of Marx's philosophy,the most important doubt and blame that we face are that there is no moral dimension in Marx's philosophy.Therefore,our primary task is to prove that there is a moral dimension in Marx's philosophy.This is a prerequisite and fundamental problem to explore the moral dimension of Marxist philosophy in depth.This article systematically discusses and proves this problem from three different angles : First of all,from the most basic concept of "morality" and "ideology",this paper clarifies and proves that Marx did not simply deny morality itself.The deeper reason why there is the idea "morality is ideology" in Marx's works is that he offers the concept of "morality" and "ideology" with a unique connotation: the concept of "morality",he understands the deep connotation of "moral" concept from the angle of "community",rather than from the angle of the "modern bourgeois individualism".His understanding of the concept of "ideology" focuses on the perspective of class,aiming at revealing the deceptive and hypocritical nature of moral concepts,such as freedom,equality and justice advocated by the bourgeoisie.This means what Marx criticizes is the moral with the ideological characteristics,not simply deny the morality itself.Secondly,this paper,from the perspective of the relationship between fact and value,criticizes "separation" of the fact and value that brings "Nihilist" tendency to the moral dimension of Marx's philosophy,and analyzes the theoretical dilemma which "abstract unification" of fact and value brings to the abstract understanding of this problem by the people.On this basis,through the illustration of Marx's philosophical practice idea,this paper argues that in Marx's philosophy,practice constitutes the practical foundation for the unity of fact and value.It is the dual nature of practice that realizes the dialectical unity of fact and value,and it also proves the objectivity of Marx's moral dimension.Third,starting from historical materialism,this paper criticizes the mechanical interpretation of historical materialism rejects the moral dimension of Marxist philosophy,and discusses the foundation of Marx's understanding of history lies in "people in reality and practice".The premise of historical materialism is practical human and it is the revolutionary theory which takes practice as a realistic way to realize the ultimate goal of human liberation.It not only possesses the scientific dimension of grasping the objective historical rules,but also pursues the humanistic dimension of human liberation.It is the dialectical unity of a scientific dimension and humanistic dimension.In this way,"historical materialism" does not exclude "moral dimension",but rather "moral dimension" is understood as its inherent meaning.At this point,through systematical illustration from the above three angles,we provide a comprehensive and solid theoretical support for the moral dimension in Marx's philosophy.Next,based on the above discussion,we further analyze the connotation and essence of the moral dimension of Marx's philosophy--"morality of emancipation".In this part,we first focus on the criticism of the two pillars supporting the "morality of recht" : classical liberalism and classical political economics,then points out that the freedom and equality of classical liberalism is formal and superficial,it is also hypocritical and deceptive,while classical political economics theory confuses the value theory of labor and conceals the capitalist's exploitation of workers,it is obviously conservative.The essence of both is the moral defense of the bourgeoisie on the basis of "law".Marx highlights the "morality of emancipation" in the process of criticizing this "morality of recht".Secondly,Marx systematically combs and criticizes the four misunderstanding areas of illustrating "morality of emancipation"--the misunderstanding of "utilitarianism",the misunderstanding of "non-utilitarian consequences",the misunderstanding of "mixed duty theory" and "moral relativism" On this basis,"morality of emancipation" can only be reasonably understood as "free man's union" within the perspective of Marxist philosophy.Finally,returning to the text,from the perspective of Marx's philosophical history,the development and the embodiment of "morality of emancipation" in different stages is combed and discussed in detail.The last part further explores the moral dimension of Marx's philosophy-the dual value of "morality of emancipation".In this part,we first analyze the theoretical position,function and effect of "morality of emancipation" in Marxist philosophy,and point out that the profound value of "morality of emancipation" lies in providing a new dimension for re-understanding Marx's philosophy.Secondly,from the deep connotation of "morality of emancipation",it highlights the important combination of Marx's philosophy and contemporary philosophy,and deeply understands the deep perforation and dialogue between contemporary philosophy and Marx's philosophy.All in all,the above three aspects go into deep study on the moral dimension of Marx's philosophy from different sides,and these three aspects are not isolated,but have intrinsic relevance: the first aspect provides the premise and foundation for the following two aspects,and then the last two aspects further deepen and develop the first aspect.These three aspects combine together and jointly promote the deep research for the moral dimension of Marx's philosophy.