Research On Zhang Daoyi's Folk Art Thought

Zhang Daoyi is an important figure in the development of contemporary folk art and art theory.Folk art,industrial art and art studies are the main research contents of Zhang Daoyi's academic career.Folk art research basically runs through Zhang Daoyi's entire art research process.Zhang Daoyi not only put forward a wealth of folk art theories,but also advocated the establishment of Chinese folk art and formed a unique folk art thought.Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought did not go from theory to theory,but experienced a development process from practice to theory.Zhang Daoyi is well versed in the importance of art practice in the study of art theory.His folk art practice involves many fields such as fine arts,music,dance,drama,crafts,etc.,especially in folk paper-cutting,woodcutting,brick carving,ceramics,woodworking,etc.,which is particularly rich in artistic practice,which he calls “taste the taste”.Zhang Daoyi's folk art practice is divided into three stages: the spontaneous stage of his childhood interest in folk art;the peak stage of folk art creation in Huada and Shanda;the maturity stage of combining teaching and theoretical research in East China Art College and Nanyi.The formation of Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought is inseparable from his childhood experience,educational background,and social and cultural environment.As Zhang Daoyi lived in the environment of folk art since he was young,Zhang Daoyi was infiltrated in various original folk art in his youth.The general education received at East China University and Shandong University,the professional guidance of Chen Zhifo and Pang Xunqin,coupled with the changes in modern and contemporary social and cultural environments,are all important factors in the formation of Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought.The formation of Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought has undergone a process of occurrence and development,which can be roughly divided into three periods: the research period of folk art theory in which industrial art studies are parallel,the theoretical thinking period established by Chinese folk art,and the folk art theory as the basis of art studies Research period.The main connotation of Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought includes three aspects: the folk art theory of the original cultural principle,the folk art theory of the “matrix” theory,and the folk art theory under the disciplinary framework.First,based on the research of industrial art,Zhang Daoyi put forward the theory of primitive culture.It has both practical and aesthetic basic properties.It is a comprehensive cultural theory of the same structure of material culture and spiritual culture.It is also the theoretical presentation of Zhang Daoyi's cultural holistic view.Folk industrial art,which account for most of the folk arts,have typical original cultural characteristics.Folk crafts are closely connected with people's lives.Zhang Daoyi believes that folk art of creation,in addition to satisfying the basic practical needs of the people,has its own aesthetic function,and possesses practical and aesthetic primitive cultural characteristics.Zhang Daoyi summed it up into four points: resourcefulness,comfort,beautiful eyes,and delightfulness.He believes that folk art of creation not only meets people's material needs,but also carries the people's spiritual world,and is a combination of material culture and spiritual culture.At the same time,Zhang Daoyi connects folk art with the history of art development,and believes that folk art of creation and primitive art have the same nature,and they are both a primitive culture.Second,Zhang Daoyi believes that folk art is the foundation of the development of art and culture,and it is a kind of “maternal” art.He emphasized the mineral nature of folk art and formed a unique “maternal” theory of folk art.In the process of research on art history,Zhang Daoyi discovered that folk art was absent,and then made up for the lack of folk art in art history.Based on the perspective of art classification,he divided the development of traditional art into four channels: court art,literati art,religious art and folk art.On this basis,Zhang Daoyi not only analyzes the differences between the four arts,but also discusses the internal relations between them in depth.He emphasized that folk art is a kind of parent art with a mineral nature.It is not only a branch of art development,but also the root of the development of court art,literati art,and religious art.It represents the basic level of art development from which the occurrence of art can be explored.Essence and law of development.Thinking about folk art from the perspective of cultural integrity,Zhang Daoyi believes that folk culture represented by folk art is not only an important part of national culture,but also the foundation of national cultural development.At the same time,Zhang Daoyi focused on an in-depth analysis of the relationship between folk art and people's life,and explored the important role of folk art from the perspective of life.Third,since the 1980 s,Zhang Daoyi devoted himself to the research of Chinese folk art discipline and became one of the main advocates for the establishment of contemporary folk art discipline.He not only structured the folk art discipline from a macro perspective,but also implemented specific topic research.Starting from the keywords“China” and “learning”,Zhang Daoyi advocated the establishment of folk art studies based on local culture,clarified the research scope of Chinese folk art studies,and clarified several relationships between folk art studies.Zhang Daoyi made an in-depth interpretation of the connotation of folk arts from the perspectives of its research objects,research purposes,research methods,the relationship between folk arts and surrounding disciplines,and the classification and achievements of folk arts.In terms of the connection between folk art,aesthetics,and art studies,Zhang Daoyi not only discussed the aesthetic characteristics of folk art,but he also practised his own practice and carried out special research on folk art—“Make into rice dumplings”,which laid a solid foundation for the development of art studies.Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought has important academic value in the contemporary folk art research system,art theory and the development of national culture.Since ancient times,the status of folk art has been low,and has even been ignored by the academic circles.Zhang Daoyi re-examined the cultural value and positioning of folk art,and restored the scientific position of folk art in the development of art history and national culture.Especially since the late 1970 s and early 1980 s,Zhang Daoyi has greatly enriched the Chinese folk art research system in terms of disciplinary structure and theoretical research,leading the development and research of Chinese folk art to a certain extent.Meanwhile,Zhang Daoyi's folk art thought is an important part of the theoretical system of contemporary art and plays an active role in the research and development of contemporary national culture.