20th Century Danish Urbanisation Studies (1900-1990)

The content of urbanization in Nordic countries is the research of western urban history as a requisite topic.In the 20 th century,the transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country was generally experienced by Nordic countries,the improvement of urban planning level,the adjustment of urban industrial structure,and the practice of "welfare city" and livable concept.At present,great achievements had been made in the research of urban history by the western academic circles,including economic history,sociology and anthropology,but the research of relevant topics in China is still in its infancy.This dissertation selects the cities of Denmark in the 20 th century as the object of study.Denmark is the smallest country in Scandinavia with the highest population density.Compared to neighboring countries such as Sweden and Norway,Denmark had neither the advantage of plentiful natural resources but also confronted with greater population pressure in the course of the process of urbanization.Nevertheless,the defeat in the 19 th century and the loss of part of territory once made it more prosperous.They are in a disadvantageous circumstance both in diplomacy and foreign trade.To interprets the characteristics of Danish urban evolution under the background of industrialization during the 20 th century,this dissertation was divided into five various of aspects closely relevant to urban development.Firstly,this dissertation traces the different origins of modern cities in Denmark and compares the differences between them.Equivalently,make the further analysis of the process of urban population change in Denmark under the background of urbanization and combined them with the research results of demography,sociology and other relevant disciplines.Secondly,according to the scale of Danish cities,this paper discusses their different patterns and evolution processes,including the successful cases represented by "Copenhagen finger plan" and the new suburban planning under the background of "counter urbanization" are typical cases with the characteristics of the times.Thirdly,comprehensively analysis has been made in the dissertation about the evolution process of the operation mode and the management system of Danish cities in the 20 th century,including the urban planning system,the urban daily governance system,and the traffic of major cities.Then,further analysis has been made in the dissertation about the economic development of Denmark and the living conditions of the working class closely related to urban industrialization under the background of industrialization,including the world economic crises during the 20 th century and the measures promulgated by the Danish government to tackle the economic crisis.Finally,the change of Danish people's living conditions,the urban landscape characteristics,the "welfare state" to explore the "welfare city" construction and other issues would be found out,and the "Danish model" of clarify and the followed concept of "welfare city" with practical significance would be achieved.To summarize the main characteristics of Danish urban development process in the 20 th century are as follows: first,the Danish government has always exerted a leading part in the process of urbanization,and the non-governmental planning organizations with professional skills have also played a pivotal role.The successful cooperation of the two sides has reflected the complementary advantages;second,from industrial construction to the formulation of regional planning within the city,Denmark relies on the appropriate resources.Third,in the course of the process of Danish urban development,the public has gradually completed the high awareness of citizens,environmental protection and culture,and achieved ideal results in the protection of traditional urban style and heritage of urban culture,and the practice of ecological environmental protection and livable concept in the new era.