Research On The Formation And Transition Of Mutual Aid Institutions Of Trade Unions In State-owned Enterprises

In the formal system implemented by trade unions at all levels in China,mutual aid institutions of trade unions belong to the system form with the dual themes of workers' collective welfare and the assistance of workers of trade unions.The formation of the institution is the complex of mutual structure and individual demands.In different stages of development,the performance of institutions is differentiated.In this paper,the division of the development stages of the mutual aid institutions of trade unions will clarify the development process,and the analysis of the contents of each stage of the system and the actual effect of operation is the basis to conclude the characteristics of the stage of the institution.However,in the logical system of the change of the mutual aid system of trade unions,the original structure of the system has changed,and the rise of the middle power as the "self-empowering" plays a role in innovating the organizational form of the mutual aid system of trade unions.The research on the mutual aid institution of trade unions has merged the typical stages of the mutual aid institutions of trade unions which originally appeared as a state of fragmentation into the development process of the system in one line,and the static institution is presented in the way of dynamic evolution to carry out research.By constructing the analysis framework of "structure-demand-institution",the dynamic factors of the formation and change of the mutual aid institution of trade unions are divided into the multiple logical structure of "macroscopic system-work unit”,and degree of satisfaction of individual needs is divided into two dimensions of"identity-action".Through the analysis of strengthening the "middle organization" as the key power in the institutional change can not be ignored,the middle organization presents the "exit" of work units and the "entrance" of the upper trade unions.The trade union organization achieves "self-empowerment" through the attempt of marketization mechanism,The sudden external force provides a new organizational form for the change of the mutual aid system of trade unions.In this study,a large state-owned enterprise YZ factory in Northeast China was selected as a field investigation site to carry out an empirical study.YZ factory has a long history,which the trade union had a perfect development process of mutual aid institutions.In addition to participating in the mainstream mutual aid institutions of the upper trade unions,employee still make annual donations to the mutual aid foundation in the factory.This study adopts the field research method and literature research method of the qualitative analysis method of sociology.The economic mutual aid institution represented by the "mutual aid fund association",the labor mutual aid institution represented by the "life service group",and the thought mutual aid institution represented by the "thought mutual aid group".They were collectively referred to as the "initial form" of mutual aid institutions of trade unions.After 1995,the C city office of Chinese Workers' Mutual Insurance Association,with medical mutual aid as the main content,was called the "new pattern" of the mutual aid system of trade unions in the socialist market economy period.In the period when the development level of social productivity was at a low level,the income distribution institution followed the distribution according to egalitarianism,and it had become an objective reality that the income of workers was at a low level for a long time.In the field of social management,the state uses the work unit system to bring individuals into the unit organization for management and integration,and the work unit system also became the intermediate organization that the state provided welfare benefits to individuals.In the period of work unit system,the state-owned enterprise studied in this paper is a typical unit that can provided nearly full coverage welfare for unit members and unit members had strong attachment to the work unit.From the perspective of up-bottom structure,the macro-system of national economy and society requires the unit to assume the role of the communicator of national will and the provider of national resources.It was a natural choice in this historical stage to include individuals in the organization of units representing the "state" to rely on the units to solve their own difficulties.This is the social construction of the state system to the mutual aid behavior of the work unit members.From the perspective of bottom-up structure,it was an important political task for the trade unions in state-owned enterprises to follow the leadership of the party committee and share the burden for the administrative departments under the "homogeneous" between enterprises and the state.Under the limitation of the overall resource supply of the state,it was a rational choice for the trade unions to mobilize the masses to carry out mutual aid activities.Solving the problems of work unit members in the field of the work unit was the feedback performance of the "upward responsibility".Through the study of the development process of mutual aid institutions in YZ factory,the author thinks that the change of mutual aid institution is to retain the setting of the original which presented positive feedback and increases.On this basis,the gradual change of mutual aid institutions conformed to the expected inertia of the workers to the development of the institutions,and conformed to the trade unions as the main functional orientation.Because of the differences in the functions of trade unions in different stages of social development,the mutual aid institutions of trade unions had also shown a shift from "solving the difficulties of workers" to "building risks to supplement the security".Under the work unit system,trade unions were allies or construction partners of productive administrative units.The core function of trade unions was to safeguard workers and assist party committees,governments or enterprises to maintain economic construction and social stability.So trade unions reduce administrative burden for the unit as well as for the workers to relieve stress,correctly knowing and the treatment of the workers' welfare to work,there will be a temporary economic difficulties of the duties of workers "pull" to the trade unions,by relying on the masses to widely power,the way to solve the problem of the masses themselves set up a "mutual aid fund association".This was one of the effective ways in which helped stabilize the work unit system.With the development of socialist market economy,the scope of mutual aid system of trade union had been expanded compared with that of work unit system.The mutual assistance and protection of workers will transform the "sending warmth" of the trade union into a long-term mechanism covering the whole year,and will transform the one-way "giving benefits" of the trade union into the two-ways,and diversified mutual assistance participation of the workers.Through the study of the mutual aid system of the trade union in YZ factory,the author believes that the contemporary value of the mutual aid system lies not only in providing supplementary risk protection for the employees,but also in "reshaping" the cohesion of mutual care among the employees within the unit.Inside the work unit there is the concern of the unit organization for the "unit members",they are dedicated to the completion of career goals as a reward to the unit organization;outside the work unit using the law of large numbers of workers` mutual insurance,it is a lowinvestment non-profit risk supplement security.In the future,if the mutual aid institution of trade unions wants to continue to improve,it should expand the multi-level and diversified mutual aid institution based on the principle of safeguarding the rights of employees.Aiming at flexible employees in the platform economy,laid-off workers in the process of “cutting overcapacity,reducing excess inventory,deleveraging,lowering costs,strengthening areas of weakness”,and the increasing number of retired workers.Trade unions should set up the mutual aid institutions with their characteristics for groups above.This will also be the performance of trade unions catering to public opinion to enhance the sustainable innovation ability and continue to empower itself.