Research On The Formation Mechanism And Impact Of Non-tax Burdens Of Chinese Enterprises

Speeding up tax and fee reduction is a key means to promote high-quality economic development through the reform of the fiscal and taxation system in the new era.With the implementation of large-scale tax reduction policies,effectively reducing the non-tax burden of enterprises has become a key and difficult issue affecting the effectiveness of the reform.Different from taxation,the territorial management of non-tax revenue and the complexity of non-tax-related projects of enterprises lead to the direct impact of the non-tax burden of enterprises on local taxation and management.When the implementation of the central government's revenue reduction policy impacts local fiscal revenue,the local government will shift the pressure of fiscal revenue reduction to corporate fees,resulting in high non-tax burdens on companies.On the one hand,this will offset the policy effect of large-scale tax cuts,leading to a mismatch between the cost of tax cuts and their effectiveness;on the other hand,the increased uncertainty of the comprehensive tax burden faced by enterprises will directly affect their production and operation decisions.Therefore,clarifying the formation mechanism of the non-tax burden of Chinese enterprises is not only of great significance to ensure that the fee reduction policy takes root,but also helps promote the high-quality development of enterprises through the coordinated promotion of tax reduction and fee reduction.The 1994 tax-sharing system reform realized the gradual concentration of tax power to the central government.In order to stimulate local enthusiasm,the collection and management of non-tax revenue and the right of income ownership were basically left to the local government.It is precisely because of this localized management model that non-tax revenue has become a flexible means for local governments to raise fiscal revenue,especially in response to fiscal pressures.Changes in corporate non-tax burdens are also directly linked to local fiscal pressures.Based on this institutional background and analysis logic,this paper uses the 2008-2015prefecture-level city panel data and the national tax survey micro-data to analyze the macro-level government non-tax revenue and micro-enterprise non-tax burden changes since the financial crisis.Based on the local fiscal revenue system,it studies how fiscal revenue shocks affect the non-tax burden of companies and their impact on corporate capital investment and labor employment behavior.Compared with the existing literature,this article mainly does the following work and draws several main conclusions:Firstly,this paper uses prefecture-level city panel data and national taxation survey data to analyze the trend of changes in local government non-tax revenues and corporate non-tax burdens since the financial crisis.This paper finds that,in general,the proportion of government non-tax revenue and the non-tax burden of enterprises have shown an upward trend.The proportion of government non-tax revenue has increased significantly after 2010,and the non-tax burden of enterprises has shown "U" during 2008-2015.The non-tax burden of enterprises has increased significantly since 2010,and has been maintaining a steady upward trend since then.In terms of specific components,whether it is government non-tax revenue or various non-tax burdens of enterprises,there has been a general increase after 2010.This shows that the changes in non-tax revenues and non-tax burdens of enterprises are in line with the strength of local governments after 2010.Collection and management behaviors are closely related.Secondly,considering that taxation and non-tax revenue are the main sources of local budget revenue,this article starts from the relationship between taxation and non-tax revenue,and studies the non-tax burden and fixed taxation of corporate tax reduction policies under the "tax substitution" mechanism.The impact of asset investment.Using the 2009 value-added tax transformation policy and the double-differentiation method,it is found that a universal tax reduction policy such as the value-added tax transformation reduces the value-added tax burden of enterprises while also reducing the value-added tax revenue of local governments.Regions with a high degree of dependence on value-added tax have strengthened the collection and management of non-tax revenue,and the actual non-tax burden of enterprises has increased.Moreover,compared with large and medium-sized enterprises,the effect of“tax and fee substitution” has a greater impact on small and medium-sized enterprises.The value-added tax reduction increases the non-tax burden of small and medium-sized enterprises,while restraining small and medium-sized enterprises' fixed asset investment,prompting them to adopt more Conservative financing and development strategies.Thirdly,this paper starts from the land finance of local governments in China,and under the framework of “substitution of rents”,studying the impact of the negative impacts faced by the land transfer market on the collection and management of local governments' non-tax revenues,and revealing how local governments are involved in land transfers.The interactive relationship between these two types of non-tax income and its impact on the non-tax burden of enterprises.The real estate purchase restriction policy that began in 2010 has greatly impacted the local government's land transfer income.This paper uses panel data from prefecture-level cities to find that the real estate purchase restriction has reduced urban land transfer income by more than 30%.The local fiscal pressure brought about by the real estate purchase restriction has caused the purchase restriction cities to increase the non-tax revenue collection and management,leading to an increase in the non-tax burden of enterprises.In particular,enterprises that acquired land at a lower cost before the implementation of the purchase restriction policy would pay more non-tax revenue to help local governments ease the financial pressure caused by purchase restrictions,this mutually beneficial mechanism for government and enterprises not only affects the land transfer market,but also affects changes in the non-tax burden of enterprises.Finally,this article extends the research perspective to the interactive relationship between general public budgets and social insurance premiums.,it studies the impact of grassroots governments on corporate payment burdens and labor and employment behaviors through financial subsidies for social security.Chinese enterprises bear a high social security payment burden,which directly constitutes the labor cost of enterprises.In order to attract enterprise investment and promote employment,local governments provide space for reducing the corporate payment burden through financial subsidies for social security.This article uses the Ministry of Finance to directly manage county reforms.The study finds that while the reforms increase county-level government social security subsidies,they also reduce the actual social security payment burden of enterprises,and this effect is mainly reflected in private enterprises and county and township state-owned enterprises.The financial subsidy social insurance reduces the corporate payment burden while increasing the employment scale of labor-intensive companies,and drives the fee-reducing companies to increase the level of employee wages and benefits.The financial subsidy social security has produced good employment and income enhancement effects by reducing the corporate payment burden.This paper provides support for understanding the changing trends of Chinese government non-tax revenue and corporate non-tax burden since the financial crisis,and provides ideas for understanding the formation mechanism and impact of Chinese corporate non-tax burden starting from the local fiscal system.In the context of accelerating fiscal and taxation reforms that promote high-quality development through tax cuts and fees,the conclusions of this article indicate that the actual reduction of non-tax burdens on enterprises requires the prerequisite for the standardized collection and management of non-tax revenues by local governments.Tax collection and management are closely related to fiscal pressure.When the central government promotes shared tax cuts,real estate purchase restrictions,and other reforms that affect local fiscal revenue,it needs to fully consider the strategic response of local governments to prevent fiscal pressure from being transmitted to enterprises through non-tax revenue collection and management.Future fiscal and taxation reforms should further standardize the establishment and collection and management of various non-tax revenues,and reduce the impact of reforms on local fiscal revenues by straightening out the fiscal relationship between the central and local governments,and ensure tax reductions and fee reductions by effectively reducing the non-tax burden of enterprises Take root to provide a better fiscal and taxation system environment for corporate performance improvement and high-quality economic development.