Spatial Evolution And Mechanism Of Technology Complexity In The World

A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial innovation is emerging around the world driven by economic globalization and knowledge-based development.The accelerated flow of innovation resources on a global scale and the continuous emergence of new technologies are reshaping the world's economic,political and technological landscape.Innovation-driven development has become the core strategy of the world's major economies to seek competitive advantages,and the struggle for the dominance of high and new technologies has been under the most intense competition in globalization activities.Many related problems,including the competition pattern of global technological innovation,how developed countries maintain their technological hegemony,and how late-developing countries take the road of innovation and development and break through the technological containment of the early-developing countries,have become the focus of global attention.Based on the technology innovation system theory,product space theory,transfer theory of world science and innovation center,and evolutionary economic geography theory,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of global technology innovation output and the change characteristics of its center at the quantitative scale level,starting from the proliferation of global technology innovation output.The quality characteristics of regional innovation output are analyzed from the perspectives of technological diversity,ubiquity and complexity.From the perspective of technology linkage,the paper analyzes the mechanism of regional technology generation,survival and specialized output.From the perspective of innovation cooperation,the paper analyzes the degree of national dependence on external innovation resources,the generation mechanism of global connection channels and the influencing factors of technology diversification.Finally,based on the above analysis,the paper puts forward the path optimization scheme of the complexity evolution of regional technological innovation,and takes the United States,Japan,Germany,South Korea,India and China as examples for comparative analysis.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The global technological innovation competition is becoming increasingly fierce.China has become the main driving force of the proliferation of global technological innovation output,and the world scientific and technological map is undergoing drastic changes.World technology innovation activities is highly concentrated in the United States,Europe and East Asia.The United States,Japan and Germany are the world's traditional technology innovation powers,China and South Korea are major innovation emerging countries,most of the national and regional innovation participation is extremely low,spatial distribution presents "innovation summit","innovation plateau",and innovation" and "innovation desert".The center of the world's technological innovation output is shifting from the west coast of Eurasia to the east coast.Combined with the socio-economic output indicators,this paper concludes that the world's scientific and technological innovation center is showing signs of accelerating the shift.(2)The quality of China's technological innovation output lags significantly behind the quantity.There is a big difference in the output of countries in the field of technology,and there are "fertile technical fields" for technological innovation.Computer,electrical machinery,electrical devices and electric energy technology are the main fields of competition for the world's major economies,such as China,the United States,Japan,Germany and South Korea.The level of technological diversification in China is significantly lower than that in the United States,Japan,Germany and other countries,and China is more focused on a few advantageous technology fields.The United States,Japan and Germany are the three countries with the most variety,the lowest technology ubiquity and the highest overall technology complexity in the world.China is now in the same echelon as the United States,Japan and Germany,as the country with the fastest increase in overall technology complexity.The overall technology complexity in the United States is declining,and traditionally dominant technology areas are being carved up by Japan and China.The improvement of the quality of technological innovation in China lags behind the scale of output,and is in the critical period of technological innovation from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change".(3)Technological innovation is obviously path-dependent,and technological correlation is the key endogenous factor affecting the generation of new technologies in the region.The United States,Germany and Japan have always been the three countries with the highest technological connectedness density in the world.China's technological connectedness density has increased the fastest,and it is now in the second echelon with Italy,France,the United Kingdom and South Korea.Technological correlation degree not only has a great relationship with the output of new technologies,but also affects the direction of technological upgrading and evolution and the ability to produce more complex technologies.The reason why China and a few other countries have been able to break the world pattern in which technological innovation activities are mainly active in a few countries,mainly lies in the fact that by means of policy incentives and other means,they have rapidly cultivated the technological innovation output capacity in the emerging or hot technological fields,and on this basis,they have continuously strengthened the degree of local technological correlation and gradually cultivated the ability of independent innovation.China's independent innovation capacity,especially the output capacity of key and core technologies,has a large space to improve from the perspective of the mismatch between the technology connectedness density and output scale in China.(4)The structure of the global innovation cooperation network is relatively stable.Domestic cooperation and international cooperation have interactive effects on the improvement of national technological innovation capacity.The United States is dominant in global innovation cooperation,and all major economies in the world regard the United States as their largest innovation partner.European countries have the most active cooperation in innovation,while Asian countries have relatively little cooperation.China is part of the Asia-Pacific Innovation Cooperation Community,led by the United States.Countries have significant differences in the degree of dependence on international innovation resources.Countries with higher innovation output scale and complexity attach more importance to domestic cooperation.From the empirical analysis,only when domestic cooperation reaches a certain level,can a country make effective use of international resources.In recent years,China's domestic cooperation has improved steadily,while the rate of international cooperation has dropped markedly.China-U.S.innovation cooperation has stagnated,and China-Japan and ChinaGermany cooperation has grown.China has much room to grow as a partner country and in terms of cooperation output.(5)Domestically,China's technological innovation output is mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration and the Beijing-Tianjin region in the eastern coastal region.The central and western regions have a significant growth,but the growth is mainly driven by the provincial capitals.China's overall technology survival rate is relatively low,and the entry and exit of technology fields are frequent,which is not conducive to the accumulation of technical knowledge and the innovation breakthrough of major,key and core technologies.Compared with the international market,China's dominant technology areas are digital communications and computer technology,while it is less active in medical,semiconductor and optical technology.The city with the highest technological complexity in China is Shenzhen,but its local technology-related density is significantly lower than that of Beijing and Shanghai,and its dominant technology fields are relatively concentrated,and the level of technological diversification needs to be improved.China's technological innovation is in a critical period from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change".With the general awakening of social innovation consciousness,more and more regions are facing the problem of the choice of innovation development path.Based on the research,the three-dimensional optimization model of technological innovation and development path proposed in this paper is of certain reference value for the formulation of regional innovation and development policies in line with the reality.This paper emphasizes that local technology correlation is the key endogenous driving force of regional technology innovation,and regional technology innovation shall be upgraded to the complex technology field with higher value along the path of technology correlation,and actively enter the new or hot technology field.In the context of intensified global scientific and technological competition,China is in urgent need of expanding international cooperation channels.First,China needs to reduce its dependence on a few countries and obtain more diverse external innovation resources to make up for its own technological deficiencies.Second,we should seize the right of international discourse through innovation cooperation,export scientific and technological influence,and pave the way for Chinese enterprises to go global.