| Since the reform and opening,China has continuously improved trade freedom through measures such as reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers and promoting Chinese companies to participate in global competition and integrate into the global value chain production network.Under the complex background that Sino-US trade frictions are continuing and major economies in the world are all affected by the COVID-19 epidemic,the research conclusions of this article,which about how to use appropriate trade policies to promote the industry to the mid-to-high end of the global value chain and enhance the ability to innovate,have important theoretical and practical significance to promote double cycles of the economy.Based on the theory of heterogeneous enterprises and starting from different forms of trade,this article explores the impact of intermediate goods tariff policies on the production length of the enterprise global value chain and the enterprise innovation value chain.In the theoretical part,this article discusses the mechanism of intermediate goods tariffs and trade forms on enterprises’ participation in global value chain production.In the part of the empirical test,this article expands from macro to micro,industry sector to enterprise-level,and the research topics are gradually deepened.This article first studies the impact of import tariff reduction of intermediate goods on the value-added and participation in global value chains from the industry level;secondly,this article extends the measurement of the length of the global value chain to the microenterprise level and expands the research on the length of chain production.Given the dual tariff system implemented by China and treats tariff concessions on intermediate goods as a quasi-natural experiment,this article uses the Difference in Difference method to study the impact and path of tariff reduction of intermediate goods on the length of value chain.Then,unlike previous studies that often use a single indicator to study the impact of tariffs on intermediate goods on enterprise innovation,this article attempts to measure the innovation activities of enterprises from the perspective of the value chain,and studies the effects of tariffs on intermediate goods on Chinese manufacturing enterprises from a richer perspective.Finally,corresponding policy recommendations are put forward based on the research conclusions,and at the same time,possible future research visits the outlook was carried out.Through analysis of literature,theoretical and empirical analysis,this research draws the following conclusions:Firstly,the theoretical derivation of this research shows that the import tariff reduction of intermediate goods reduces the production cost of general enterprises and increases the added value of the production process.Therefore,enterprises are more inclined to integrate more and more upstream stages in their production process,the company’s position in the global value chain has been improved.Secondly,the research findings in this article find that lowering import tariffs helps increase the added value and GVC participation.Further analysis found that,compared with developed economies,the reduction in tariffs on intermediate goods in developing economies had a lesser impact on the value-added and GVC participation.Intermediate tariff reduction has a significant masking effect on GVC participation through the import of ICT products;R&D input and patent application volume have a significant mediating effect on GVC participation.Thirdly,the reduction of intermediate goods tariff can extend the forward and backward production length of general enterprises;after joining the WTO,the forward and backward production length of general enterprises was significantly longer than that of processing enterprises.The mechanism analysis found that the reduction of import tariffs on intermediate goods significantly promoted the increase in the quantity and quality of intermediate goods imported by enterprises,but the quantity and quality of intermediate goods imports had different intermediary effects on the production length: the increase in the quantity of imported intermediate goods shortened the length of the forward value chain production length,but extended the backward value chain production length;while the improvement of the quality of the company’s imports of intermediate goods has promoted the enterprise’s forward and backward value chain production length.The path analysis showed that the reduction of intermediate tariff can extend the forward and backward domestic production length and backward international production length,but shorten the forward international production length.Fourthly,the tariff reduction of intermediate input goods can significantly increase manufacturing enterprises’ R&D investment intensity,the patent application intensity,and the output intensity of new products.The joint recursive estimation of the innovation value chain shows that the tariff reduction of intermediate input goods has a chain-like recursive promotion effect on the R&D input,patents,and new products.The tariff reduction of intermediate input goods has a U-shaped effect on the Return on Equity,which has a negative effect in the early stage and a positive promotion effect in the later stage.Fifth,tariff reduction on intermediate goods can enhance the positive relationship between the length of value chain of the general enterprise and the company’s R&D and patent applications.Extending the length of the value chain of the general enterprise can not promote the output value of the company’s new products.There is no significant interactive effect on the ROE of the enterprise.The participation of the enterprise in the global value chain through processing trade has no significant positive promotion effect on all links of the innovation value chain;the tariff reduction of intermediate goods promotes the expansion of the length of the value chain of domestic production is the main way to enhance the innovation activities of enterprises. |
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