The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Income Distribution Of Chinese Residents

The introduction of general-purpose technology usually brings us to an glorious era,electrification technology has maintained its brilliance for nearly a century.At present,although the development of artificial intelligence as a general purpose technology is still insufficient,we are already at the beginning of the artificial intelligence era,and the development speed of this era is showing exponential growth under the action of Moore's Law.It is foreseeable that in the future,artificial intelligence will penetrate into all aspects of society,and will become an important part of human social life.As the final link of human economic activities,income distribution will inevitably be affected by the development of artificial intelligence,which is an important factor in productivity.This influence will not only be inextricably linked to all aspects of the economy and society,but will also exist in the era of artificial intelligence.At the same time,the inequality of income distribution is important to economic and social development.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the influence mechanism of artificial intelligence on the income distribution of Chinese residents,and then deal with the efficiency and fairness in the process of developing artificial intelligence,so that the development of artificial intelligence is more beneficial to the development of human beings.But it should be noted that artificial intelligence is not an ordinary technological advancement.It is still developing at an astonishing speed.The scope,depth,and scale of its impact on the economy and society is far beyond the reach of ordinary technological advancement.The impact of artificial intelligence on the income distribution of Chinese residents is also far from being explained by artificial intelligence as an ordinary technological advancement.This article attempts to construct a theoretical analysis framework that covers the impact of technological advancement and surpasses the impact of technological advancement on income distribution,analyzes this issue from multiple perspectives and multiple dimensions,in order to have a more comprehensive and clear view of the impact of artificial intelligence on the income distribution of Chinese residents,so as to propose countermeasures and recommendations that meet the actual situation in China.On the basis of summarizing and collating the current literature on income distribution issues,through further analysis,we have constructed a theoretical analysis framework to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on income distribution,in a multi-perspective view of the aspects of employment,trade opening,monopoly,education,demographic structure,and people's views on wealth and labor.Through analysis,it is believed that artificial intelligence will adversely affect the income distribution of Chinese residents through employment,trade opening,monopoly,etc.,and expand the income distribution gap of Chinese residents;it will also has a beneficial effect on income distribution of Chinese residents through education,demographic structure,and changes in people's views on wealth and labor,and narrows the income distribution gap of Chinese residents.From these perspectives,we further analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the income distribution of Chinese residents from different time dimensions.It is believed that artificial intelligence in the development stage of weak artificial intelligence,that is,in the short term,will adversely affect income distribution like traditional technological progress,but as artificial intelligence develops from weak artificial intelligence to strong artificial intelligence,that is,in the medium and long term,will amplify the positive impact on residents' income distribution,which is different from traditional technological.From the perspective of employment,artificial intelligence is biased towards capital and skills as the same as the traditional technological.It will reduce the share of labor income through the substitution of capital for labor,and expand the income gap between high and low skilled labor through the substitution of capital for low-skilled labor.During the transition of artificial intelligence from weak artificial intelligence to strong artificial intelligence.Artificial intelligence will gradually replace low-skilled procedural physical tasks,medium-skilled procedural cognitive tasks,and high-skilled non-procedural non-cognitive tasks.When artificial intelligence replaces work tasks with medium and low skill levels,it will cause"employment polarization" and lead to "income polarization",but when artificial intelligence replaces high-skill work tasks,the productivity effect of artificial will exceed the substitution effect will narrow the income distribution gap.From the perspective of monopoly,artificial intelligence has given birth to a new form of monopoly of platform monopoly,making the market inevitably concentrated,enabling platform companies to have a sustainable monopoly power,and artificial intelligence will also use algorithms to covertly reach and maintain collusion and cartel agreements.All this makes monopolies easier to form and difficult to be identified and regulated,then enterprises will obtain monopoly profits and the income distribution gap in the industries will be expanded.Artificial intelligence can also use big data technology to enable companies to achieve first-level price discrimination,obtain all consumer surplus,and damage consumer interests to increase income inequality.The game between technology and market will exist for a long time in the era of artificial intelligence,affecting the inequality of income distribution.From the perspective of trade opening,on the one hand,due to the capital and skill bias of technology,artificial intelligence will adversely affect income inequality,and then spread from developed countries to developing countries through trade opening,On the other hand,the development of artificial intelligence technology has great strategic value,the developed countries of artificial intelligence will adopt strategic trade protection policies to protect their countries from using artificial intelligence to give priority to their economic development,and then implement technological blockades on countries that are backward in artificial intelligence,causing these countries to fall into "middle income trap" for a long time.The development of artificial intelligence will also have a favorable impact on the income distribution of Chinese residents.From the perspective of education,education will expand the supply of high-skilled labor by improving the skill level of workers,improve the level of employment structure,and narrow the income distribution gap caused by structural unemployment due to technological progress.It is precisely because of the positive impact of education on income that the inequality of education distribution has become a factor of inequality of income distribution.Artificial intelligence improves the efficiency of education by empowering education,and at the same time promotes the fairness of educational resource distribution by reducing educational costs,amplifies the positive impact of education on income distribution,and narrows the income distribution gap.From the perspective of demographic structure,on the one hand,the application of artificial intelligence frees women from tedious internal labor and even family responsibilities.In the era of artificial intelligence,new forms of work have further released women's employment potential and promoted an increase in female employment,narrowed the gender income gap;on the other hand,artificial intelligence can help the development of the aging industry and increase the employment participation rate of the elderly to ease the income distribution gap between the elderly population and the youth population.At the same time,artificial intelligence promotes economic growth and employment by increasing total factor productivity,and alleviates The impact of population aging on economic growth and employment,has further narrowed the income distribution gap.From the perspective of changes in people's views on wealth and labor,artificial intelligence can enable humans to return to the center of labor from alienated labor through human-machine collaboration,so that labor supply and demand are no longer distorted and realized.People's comprehensive and free development will also reduce the income distribution gap.At the same time,artificial intelligence transforms the concept of human wealth from basic material needs to more advanced spiritual needs by creating abundant material wealth,helping to achieve a more reasonable income distribution system arrangement and narrowing the income distribution gap.In order to empirically test the impact of artificial intelligence on employment structure and income distribution of China,we use panel data from 30 provinces of China as a sample data,and construct econometric model of the impact of artificial intelligence on labor share of income,employment levels of labor with different skills,income distribution gap between high and low skills.We also consider the difference in the employment structure and income distribution between high and low skilled labor in different regions with the development of artificial intelligence,and further analyze the phase characteristics of the impact of artificial intelligence on employment an income distribution.At the same time,we also consider the impact of education,trade opening,and aging of population on income distribution.The empirical results show that the current development of artificial intelligence has significantly reduced the labor income share,promoted the employment of high-skilled labor,reduce the employment of medium and low skilled labor,and expanded the income distribution gap of high and low skilled labor.Furthermore,according to different levels of development of artificial intelligence,30 provinces and cities are divided into artificial intelligence developed areas,artificial intelligence developing areas,and artificial intelligence undeveloped areas,respectively,to examine the impact of artificial intelligence on the employment structure and the income distribution gap between high and low skilled labor.The results are that the employment structure showed significant "employment polarization" trend in the artificial intelligence developing and undeveloped areas,and insignificant"employment uni-polarization" trend in the artificial intelligence developed areas.Artificial intelligence will significantly expand the income distribution gap between high and low skilled labor in artificial intelligence developing areas,but shows the trend of narrowing the income distribution gap between high and low skilled labor in artificial intelligence developed areas.This result also reflects the phased characteristics of the impact of artificial intelligence on the employment structure and the income distribution gap between high and low skilled labor.The empirical results that consider the impact of education,trade opening,and aging of population on income distribution show that the more developed areas of artificial intelligence,the more obvious the role of artificial intelligence in promoting education to marrow the income distribution gap between high and low skilled labor,and artificial intelligence expands the level through trade opening.The role of skilled labor employment is also more significant,but the role of artificial intelligence in alleviating the aging of population on the expansion of the income distribution gap between high and low skilled labor is more significant in artificial intelligence developing areas and undeveloped areas.According to theoretical analysis,artificial intelligence will not only expand the income distribution gap of Chinese residents through employment substitution,trade opening,and monopoly,but also narrow the income distribution gap through education,demographic structure,and changes in people's views on wealth and labor.Through empirical testing,it is found that the current development of artificial intelligence will broaden the income distribution gap of Chinese residents in general.In order to curb the continuous expansion of the income distribution gap of Chinese residents in the era of artificial intelligence,on the one hand,it is necessary to continue to develop artificial intelligence to promote the high-quality development of Chinese economy,so as to avoid becoming an underdeveloped artificial intelligence technology,and expand artificial intelligence through education,population structure,People's views on wealth and labor have a positive impact on income distribution.On the other hand,it is necessary to strengthen employment priority policies and strengthen legislative protection to promote the healthy and orderly development of artificial intelligence in a direction that is beneficial to human development.At the same time,we should also innovate the relevant systems of income distribution to promote the fairness of income distribution results.In general,the first is to continue to develop artificial intelligence under the guidance of the government to promote high-quality economic development and employment growth,and to expand the positive impact of artificial intelligence on income distribution;the second is to pay more attention to the role of education and strengthen artificial intelligence vocational education and training.Employment growth,strengthen the development of higher education to promote the improvement of employment structure,strengthen basic education to guide future employment directions,establish a lifelong education system,and promote human beings to better adapt to the changes in the artificial intelligence era;the third is to innovate an income distribution system that is compatible with artificial intelligence.Including innovative data and other new factors of production to participate in income distribution to increase the income of laborers in the initial distribution,innovative "robot" taxation and other related laws and regulations to better play the role of government in redistribution,so that the results of artificial intelligence development More people to share and promote social equity;fourth is to establish a social security system that is compatible with artificial intelligence,promote the equalization of basic public services,and achieve social bottom;fifth is to strengthen legislative protection,and accelerate the improvement of data protection,confirmation,and The establishment and improvement of transaction and other related systems will speed up the revision and improvement of anti-monopoly regulations and promote the healthy and orderly development of artificial intelligence.