Research On Fiscal Policy Of Optimizing Industrial Spatial Distribution In China

Under the new development pattern,reshaping new economic advantages and promoting new development are the key to promoting high-quality economic development.At present,China's economic pattern is characterized by agglomeration but unbalanced development,and there is a spatial mismatch between factor endowment and regional industrial development,which not only restricts new economic advantages and breakthroughs in new development,but also goes against the coordinated development of regional economy.As a matter of fact,local governments provide enterprises and industries with a large number of financial subsidies and tax incentives in industrial development,so as to attract more capital and enterprises to flow in and thus drive economic development.But the problem of unbalanced and inadequate regional development is still obvious.The reason lies in the neglect of factors such as labor force and capital resources and the rational allocation of urban industries.Under the role of the "merit-based government",fiscal policies should better play the positive role of guiding the effective allocation of factor resources,and make rational division of labor and professional clustering according to their own resource endowments and comparative advantages,so as to cultivate and expand highquality regional clusters,narrow the gap between regions,and achieve high-quality economic development.Therefore,how to formulate effective fiscal policies to optimize industrial spatial distribution has become a key topic of academic and political attention.This not only discusses the mechanism process of industrial agglomeration in theory,but also solves the practical problem of allocation of factor resources,which is conducive to improving the production efficiency and market competitiveness of enterprises and promoting regional industrial development and spatial distribution.Based on the practical challenges and theoretical background,this paper takes the industrial spatial distribution as the research object,and tries to focus on the practical performance and effect of China's industrial spatial distribution and fiscal policy.Therefore,this paper follows the research ideas of "putting forward questions--theoretical analysis--current situation analysis--empirical test--policy suggestions" to carry out in-depth analysis.On the basis of drawing lessons from the existing research,it mainly focuses on four aspects.Firstly,the theoretical basis of fiscal policy's influence on industrial spatial distribution is sorted out,and the theoretical analysis framework of fiscal policy's influence on industrial spatial distribution is established by using new economic geography,new structural economics and other theoretical tools.Secondly,on the basis of reviewing the changing course of the adjustment of China's fiscal policy on the industrial spatial layout,this paper focuses on the analysis of the current characteristics of China's industrial spatial layout as well as the performance and root causes of the fiscal policy that restrict the optimization of China's industrial spatial layout.Third,by using the method of empirical study,this paper tests the effects of fiscal policy affect the industrial spatial layout,specific investment spending,metastatic spending and tax preferential policies and measures to different data combined with the city level,enterprise and industry policy effect assessment level data,respectively,in order to provide more sufficient empirical evidence.Fourth,based on the research conclusions,the author puts forward relevant policy suggestions to optimize the fiscal policy of China's industrial spatial distribution.Through the above studies,four main conclusions are drawn in this paper,which are as follows:First,based on the research on the current situation,it is found that the overall industrial spatial distribution in China is characterized by agglomeration but unbalanced development.From the perspective of agglomeration effect,the industrial layout shows a trend of increasing specialized agglomeration,but there are still some deficiencies in the optimization speed and agglomeration effect.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the agglomeration effect in the eastern region is significant and spreading continuously to the inland region,but the agglomeration effect in the central and western regions still lags behind.Based on this,further analysis of fiscal policy restricting our industrial spatial layout optimization performance,find that investment spending on the convergence and regional structure unreasonable,the goal and positioning of metastatic spending and unreasonable expenditure scale,the preferential tax policy of benefit object and the same regulation does not reach the designated position,etc between the industrial spatial layout and some problems such as mismatch,which ignored the factors of resources,comparative advantage,local government behavior and so on reasons,ultimately affect the industrial spatial layout of agglomeration effect.Secondly,in the empirical test of the impact of fiscal investment expenditure on industrial spatial distribution,a quasi-natural experiment was carried out with high-speed railway infrastructure as an example,and the influence of high-speed railway infrastructure on industrial spatial distribution was discussed by using the multi-phase double difference model.Both the benchmark regression results and the series robustness test results show that the high-speed railway facilities have improved the agglomeration density of the secondary and tertiary industries,which has a greater impact on the secondary industry.However,there is a certain difference in dynamic time effect.The second industry is affected by the time effect faster,while the third industry is affected by the time effect longer.From the perspective of industry type heterogeneity,it is found that the cluster effect of high-speed railway facilities on manufacturing industry,producer service industry,consumer service industry and public service industry has a diminishing effect.From the perspective of the mechanism of siphon effect caused by high-speed railway facilities,the difference in the relative distance between high-speed railway stations and urban centers affects the radiation range of high-speed railway facilities.From the perspective of central and marginal cities,it is found that the impact of high-speed rail facilities on the agglomeration density of secondary and tertiary industries in central and marginal cities is different.In the mechanism research,it is found that high-speed railway facilities can promote the flow of factors to improve the industrial agglomeration density,among which the effect of labor factor flow is the most effective and stronger than that of capital factor flow.Thus,it shows that the investment and construction of high-speed railway infrastructure promotes the agglomeration and density growth of various industries and plays a positive role in optimizing the spatial distribution of industries.However,when the government uses investment to build high-speed railway facilities,it should pay attention to the region where the investment is invested and the economic benefits generated,and pay attention to the matching of regional industrial development and factor endowment,so as to improve the effectiveness of investment expenditure on the optimization of industrial spatial distribution.Thirdly,on the empirical test of the influence of transfer expenditure on industrial spatial distribution,the paper takes industry subsidies as an example to discuss the influence effect between industry subsidies and industry agglomeration at the district-industry level.The results of benchmark regression and series of robustness tests show that industry subsidies can significantly promote the formation of industry cluster effect.However,from the perspective of industry type division,it is found that the dependence of industrial agglomeration of some industries on industry subsidies varies greatly,among which capitalintensive industries and low-level industries are more strongly dependent on their scale.From the perspective of urban regional division,it is found that there are differences between industry subsidies and industrial agglomeration in some regions,among which urban agglomeration with relatively backward economic development and regions with low marketization level are more dependent on industry subsidies.From the perspective of mechanism research,it is found that the industry development with local adherence to comparative advantages will further promote industry agglomeration and be conducive to the optimization of industrial spatial distribution.Thus,it shows that the financial subsidy is conducive to the professional agglomeration of various industries and can promote the optimization of industrial spatial distribution to a certain extent.However,the investment direction of financial subsidies should be combined with the differences of different regions and different industries to carry out targeted and efficient financial subsidies,pay attention to the efficiency of the use of financial funds,avoid the emergence of dependence problem,and the government should combine the comparative advantages of the industry to carry out the optimization of industrial spatial layout.Fourthly,on the empirical test of the influence of tax incentives on the spatial distribution of industries,the quasi-natural experiment was conducted with the pilot policy of enterprise income tax incentives for service trade as an example,and the double difference model was used to estimate the influence of tax incentives on the spatial distribution of service trade industry.The results of the benchmark regression and series of robustness tests show that the preferential tax policy promotes the improvement of the industrial agglomeration level of service trade,and the effect of the tax policy increases with time.From the perspective of location difference,it is found that the closer the tax preferential policies are to the ports,the more significant the policy effect is.From the mechanism research of development environment,it is found that the development environment of network development,market environment and financial system plays a positive role in the mechanism path of tax incentives affecting industrial agglomeration,and significantly improves the industrial agglomeration effect of service trade.Further analysis of industrial synergies shows that tax incentives are still insufficient to optimize industrial synergies of manufacturing and service trade.Thus,indicating that the preferential tax policy and industrial spatial layout optimization between certain positive effect,but the government in tax breaks to use should pay attention to adjust measures to local conditions,combining with regional location advantage to targeted formulate preferential object and the scope of preferential,and pay attention to the improvement of the regional development environment,to promote coordinated development between the industrial level,to promote the constant optimization of industrial spatial layout.Compared with the existing studies,the main contributions of this paper are reflected in the following four aspects: First,based on the perspective of industrial spatial distribution,this paper discusses the current situation of regional economic coordination and balanced development.This paper analyzes the development trend of industrial layout and the effectiveness of resource allocation from the spatial level,so as to reveal the importance of the use and choice of fiscal policies for industrial spatial layout.Secondly,this paper focuses on the multi-dimensional discussion of the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research.On the one hand,with the help of new geographic economics,new structural economics and other theoretical tools,the theoretical analysis framework of the influence of fiscal policy on industrial spatial distribution is established.On the other hand,with the help of causal recognition analysis framework,such as double difference model and instrumental variable method,it pays attention to the endogeneity and robustness discussion of empirical research,and tests the effect of mechanism with more standardized methods.At the same time,the spatial characteristics of fiscal policy and industrial layout are presented by means of visual spatial analysis.Third,in this paper,the empirical research from three perspectives respectively inspection fiscal policy effects on the industrial spatial layout,high-speed railway infrastructure,city-level industry subsidies,as well as pilot,service trade enterprise income tax preferential tax policies to better examine the policy effect and mechanism of fiscal policy.Fourth,this paper finds that fiscal policies have a very important effect on the spatial distribution of industries,can significantly promote the agglomeration effect of industrial distribution,and confirms the optimization effect of infrastructure construction,fiscal subsidies,and tax incentives.However,it is found that there are significant differences in the dependence of industrial agglomeration under different circumstances on fiscal policy,and there are also certain differences in the influence effect of fiscal policy differences on industrial layout.Therefore,this paper provides some reference ideas for the current fiscal policy of optimizing industrial spatial layout.Combined with the research conclusion of this paper and the current status of industry development and layout,this paper puts forward some countermeasures from the following several aspects: first,the government use fiscal policy to optimize the industrial spatial layout should be based on guiding principle,diversified principle,the principle of fairness and efficiency principle,to adopt the appropriate fiscal policy ideas,promote the development of China's industry clustering,optimize the industrial space layout.Second,in terms of the contents of fiscal policies to promote the optimization of China's industrial spatial layout,it is necessary to reasonably arrange the regional layout of investment expenditures,accurately locate the target objects of transfer expenditures,and optimize the coverage of tax incentives and the regulatory mechanism.Third,pay attention to the improvement of other supporting measures,such as standardizing the transfer payment system,establishing a diversified investment and financing mechanism,and establishing a standardized performance evaluation mechanism.We will focus on fiscal policies to help adjust the distribution of industries in light of local conditions,so as to promote better,healthier and more stable development of the cluster structure in the distribution of industries.We will also promote a sound and orderly market environment and management system to help optimize the spatial distribution of industries,so as to better leverage the positive role of fiscal policy in industrial development.