| Along with the process of globalization and the accumulation of negative effects of industrial civilization,global ecological problems have become increasingly prominent,causing people to think about the sustainable development of human society.In its latest human Development report,the United Nations pointed out that the measurement of a country's development level should not only focus on economic development,but adhere to the people-oriented approach,with the realization of all-round human development as the ultimate goal.In 2021,the 17 Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations once again introduced ecological issues and put them in an important position to measure the new Human development Index.Sustainable development is a major research direction of technical economy and management.Over the past 40 years and more since the reform and opening up,China's economy has been growing steadily and its per capita income has increased substantially.At the same time,there has been a widening income gap among residents,uneven development in education,medical care and other areas related to people's livelihood,and excessive consumption of resources and the ecological environment.Among them,ecological issues once became a weak link affecting the quality of China's development.In response,the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)established five development concepts,namely,innovative,coordinated,green,open and shared development,and elevated green development as a national strategy.At its 19th National Congress,the CPC proposed the idea of building a community with a shared future for mankind,calling for an open,inclusive,clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace,universal security,and common prosperity.It has become an important guiding ideology for China's sustained development and foreign exchanges.In recent years,the party and the country strong governance,all of the people's joint efforts,qualitative changes have taken place in China's ecological environment,the overall development trend of positive upward,the concept of green development and harmonious development,as a breakthrough point,income,education and health care and other fields has made great progress,from poverty to be completed a comprehensive victory,all rural poverty population out of poverty,The level of sustainable human development in China has been greatly improved,making a major contribution to the sustainable development of mankind in the world.While recognizing the achievements,we should also see that China has a vast territory and different levels of regional development,and the levels of sustainable development of human beings in different regions are also very different,which provides us with beneficial samples to carry out research on sustainable development of human beings.The research shows that the human development level is not only related to the comprehensive factors such as the geographical environment and economic and social development of the region,but also related to the development of the surrounding areas.Ignoring the role of the spatial geographical location in human development may lead to the deviation of the research results.Therefore,from the perspective of spatial differentiation pattern,this paper analyzes whether there are consistent development laws and convergence among different provinces,close provinces and neighboring provinces,and the reasons and influencing factors that lead to such differences,so as to provide suggestions for further promoting the sustainable development level of Human beings in China.In this paper,based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGS)and the ecological development situation in China,the ecological indicators were determined by Delphi method.The weight of index was determined by using entropy method and AHP.The standardization part of panel data entropy evaluation method was replaced by threshold value,and a new algorithm combining "threshold value + analytic hierarchy process(AHP)" was proposed.The new weight of each index generated by AHP method was combined with the improved entropy value method,and applied to the subsequent comprehensive evaluation.Based on the authoritative Index(HDI--Human Development Index)proposed by THE United Nations Development Programme,the ecological Index is introduced to construct the HSDI--Human Sustainable Development Index.Make up for the original human development index for determination of ecological measures of defects and deficiencies,and around the core content of sustainable development as the guide,built contains "total index,level indicator,secondary indexes,three-level index" of Chinese provincial level sustainable development index system framework,the human development index only focus on health,education,income,the limitations of optimized.From the perspective of China's human development level based on HDI,China's human development level is constantly improving,but the human development gap among different regions is becoming more and more prominent.From the perspective of China's human sustainable development level based on HSDI,China's ecological quality shows a deteriorating development trend,and the development trend has been improved to a certain extent since 2010.The level of ecological development within and between provinces is also different,and different provinces also face different ecological problems.Through the study,it can be concluded that the Chinese human sustainable development index system constructed in this paper is an important index to evaluate the ecological quality in China,and ecological factors are one of the important factors affecting the level of human sustainable development in China.Secondly,in order to further study the level of China's interprovincial sustainable development,on the basis of collecting and processing the index data,this paper analyzes the spatial convergence of the level of China's human sustainable development index through ?convergence,absolute ? convergence,PS convergence and club convergence methods.The results show that there is no obvious ?convergence and absolute ? convergence in each province of China.According to the PS convergence test results,for human sustainable development index(HSDI),the estimated coefficient T statistic corresponding to B is-26.1366,which is smaller than the critical value,indicating that HSDI does not have PS convergence characteristics.For ecological index(EI),the estimated coefficient T statistic corresponding to B is-10.7075,which is less than the critical value,indicating that EI does not have the PS convergence feature.As for the result of club convergence,there are only 3 types of club convergence in HSDI and 8 types of club convergence in EI.It is not difficult to see that economic development does not match the level of ecological quality,and the positive spatial spillover effect and the convergence feature of ecological index improve the convergence speed and degree of sustainable human development in China.Then,using Geoda and ArcGIS software,Moran's I index,Moran scatter map,LISA cluster map,radar map and other methods to study the spatial differentiation pattern of 31 provinces in China(excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province),the study found that:Moran's I is positive and significant.According to the results of Moran's scatter plot and LISA cluster plot,about three-quarters of the provinces in China fall into the high cluster area(HH)and low cluster area(LL).Among them,the high concentration zones(HH)were mainly concentrated in Hainan,Xinjiang and Yunnan around 2001,but their spatial pattern changed after 2010,developing to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,Yangtze River Delta and eastern coastal areas,which are the "traditional highlands" of regional human development in China.Low and high concentration zones(LH)were mainly concentrated in central regions such as Fujian,Guangxi and Sichuan around 2001,and developed to xinjiang and Zhejiang provinces after 2010.Low-low cluster areas(LL)are mainly concentrated in western China,a few eastern regions and northeast China.Low-low cluster areas are the largest cluster areas in about 15 provinces.High and low concentration areas(HL)are mainly concentrated in the southwest and central regions.It shows that the spatial correlation and spatial difference of human sustainable development in China's provinces coexist.On the whole,the development trend of China has obvious spatial differentiation pattern,with high in the east and low in the west,high in the coastal areas,low in the inland areas,high in the northeast and low in the northwest,with "high" and "low" clustering phenomenon.From a partial perspective,the gap between the growth rate of sustainable development of Human beings in China will be further widened,and the unbalanced spatial differentiation pattern will persist for a long time.Finally,the panel regression analysis of the newly constructed Human sustainable development index system in China is carried out by using Stata software,and the non-significant and irrelevant indicators are removed.It is found that: The level of human sustainable development in China shows a spatial agglomeration state;The spatial differentiation pattern of human sustainable development between provinces has certain spatial dependence.On the whole,it has obvious spatial differentiation and presents the characteristics of disequilibrium spatial distribution.At the same time,this paper found out the influence in 31 provinces of human sustainable development level of impact factor,i.e.,the per capita GDP,per capita GDP growth,the proportion of expenditure of education funds,social security,employment,medical and health institutions,and carries on the classification,proposed further promote China's countermeasures and Suggestions for the sustainable development of human beings.In terms of research methods,based on the United Nations Human Development Index,this paper combines technology and economy,combines qualitative and quantitative research methods,combines static and dynamic ecological index selection,combines macro data with micro data in data analysis,and adopts literature analysis and empirical research.Using the Delphi method and entropy value method,analytic hierarchy process(ahp),map classification,spatial effect pattern method,panel regression statistical analysis methods such as constructing Chinese human sustainable development index system,using the technology to study economic problems,stand in the perspective of sustainable development,on the macro on microscopic focus to the provinces in our country,and carries on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation.The innovation points of this paper are as follows:First,this paper integrates the original HDI,HPI and other concepts,adds a second-level index,namely ecological impact factor,constructs a new index system,namely human sustainable development index-HSDI,and studies the transformation from three-dimensional to four-dimensional.Collection of technical and economic research frontier problems on development economics,ecology and geography,from the perspective of sustainable development,combined with the present stage of human development index(HDI),the UN sustainable development goals and sustainable development of China's ecological situation and trend of penetrates the theory significance and the theory of sustainable development of the human value.Second,this paper forms a new index system,introduces new factors in the calculation method,and puts forward a new calculation method.Based on the original HDI algorithm of UNDP,a new algorithm of "threshold + analytic hierarchy process(AHP)" was proposed by replacing the standardization part of panel data entropy evaluation method with threshold value.The new weights generated by AHP and the improved entropy value method were combined to apply to the subsequent comprehensive evaluation.Third,the new algorithm generated above is used to evaluate the sustainable development level of 31 provinces in China(excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province),and the software Geoda and ArcGIS are applied.Using Moran's I index,Moran scatter plot,LISA cluster plot,radar chart and other methods to study the spatial differentiation pattern of 31 provinces in China,to explore the spatial convergence,spatial differentiation pattern and spatial differentiation law of human sustainable development level in each province of China.Fourthly,in order to further explore the reasons for the differences between the different levels of human sustainable development in China,the panel regression method of Stata software is used to analyze the influencing factors of human sustainable development index.Combined with regional factors,the countermeasures and suggestions to promote China's sustainable development are put forward,and the blind areas of previous research and evaluation are explored.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,it is imperative to add ecological factors to China's human sustainable development index.Based on the concept of sustainable development,the level of human development in different regions can be analyzed with the aid of the index evaluation system,but the previous system is deficient--there is no ecological index element.The ecological index of a region is an important factor of sustainable development,the lack of this factor will lead to the accuracy and objectivity of the evaluation is not enough.When judging the level of regional sustainable development,ecological factors should be introduced to reflect the level of development more objectively and reasonably.Second,this paper forms a new index system,introduces new factors in the calculation method,and puts forward a new calculation method.The results of the Chinese provincial human sustainable development index system are still objective and fair after the entropy value method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),which fully illustrates the scientific nature of the Chinese human sustainable development index system.Third,In this paper,the human sustainable development index of 31 provinces in China was divided into low level of human sustainable development(6.45%),medium level of human sustainable development(51.61%),lower level of human sustainable development(19.35%),higher level of human sustainable development(12.90%),and very high level of human sustainable development(9.68)%).The results show that the level of sustainable development of human development in China is unbalanced.Through quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis can be seen that the combination of China's provincial sustainable development level of human development: there is a big gap high human sustainable development level of regional distribution in municipalities directly under the central government and the eastern coastal cities,higher human sustainable development level as well as the medium of human sustainable development level of regional distribution in the central region and western region.High in the interior provinces at the same level,human sustainable development gap is smaller than that of higher human sustainable development throughout all the provinces of the interval the gap between provinces,and the gap between the provinces and higher human sustainable development interval less than the gap of interval provincial medium of human sustainable development,this is China the gap between human sustainable development index.The income index and education index have obvious geographical location regularity in each interval,but the geographical location regularity of education index is not obvious.In the area of advanced human sustainable development,the gap of health index is small,but the gap of income index is large.But there is no significant difference in the income gap between people in the middle human sustainability zone,and the gap in the education index is significant.According to the index,the sustainable development level of people in different regions is evaluated and compared with the geographical space location,so as to get a more scientific and reasonable point of view.Fourth,from the perspective of spatial differentiation pattern,there is no overall convergence in the level of human sustainable development index of 31 provinces in China,but there is club convergence.The spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that there are obvious regional differences in ecology between and within regions,and different regions are faced with different ecological problems.Moran's I is positive and significant.Moran's scatter diagram and LISA cluster diagram show that about three-quarters of the provinces in China are clustered in the high cluster area(HH)and low cluster area(LL).Fewer provinces are located in the second quadrant(LH)and the fourth quadrant(HL),and more provinces are located in the third quadrant(LL)than in the first quadrant(HH).It shows that there is spatial positive autocorrelation between the sustainable development of human beings in China's provinces,and it is scientific and reasonable to consider the influence of spatial geographical factors on the level of sustainable development of human beings.Fifth,through the panel regression study of this paper,it is found that per capita GDP,GDP growth rate,the proportion of education expenditure,per capita social security expenditure,the number of employment,the number of medical and health institutions are positively correlated with China's human sustainable development index,health index,education index,income index and ecological index.We use panel regression to study the influencing factors of human sustainable Development index(HSDI),ecological index(EI),health index,education index and income index.According to the analysis process,the model regression has a good effect,and R2 is all greater than 0.600,indicating a good degree of fitting.Among them,per capita GDP is positively correlated with HSDI.If per capita GDP increases by1%,HSDI increases by 0.0222;There is a positive correlation between GDP growth and HSDI.When GDP growth increases by 1%,HSDI increases by 0.0006.The proportion of educational expenditure is positively correlated with HSDI.When the educational expenditure increases by 1%,HSDI increases by 0.0016.There is a positive correlation between per capita social security expenditure and HSDI.When per capita social security expenditure increases by 1%,HSDI increases by 0.0825.The estimated coefficient of ln number of employment and LN number of medical and health institutions is positive and the null hypothesis can be rejected at the significance level of 0.05,which indicates that the higher the number of employment and the number of medical and health institutions,the higher the HSDI.On the whole,the higher per capita GDP,GDP growth rate,the proportion of education expenditure,per capita social security expenditure,the number of employment and the number of medical and health institutions are,the higher the level of sustainable human development in China.It can be said that the above factors constitute the influencing factors of the level of sustainable human development in China's provinces.Sixth,the new index evaluation system can provide decision-making support for the government.This also reflects the social value of the government's public policy system.By analyzing the development level and status of different provinces and regions,it can make timely judgments on the overall effect of the public policies of various regional governments,so that the government can have a reference when formulating development strategies.In this paper,from the perspective of sustainable development,local governments can encourage local statistics bureau to improve big data,so as to calculate accurate ecological index,and then scientifically guide local sustainable development practice. |
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