Study On The Redistribution Effect Of Pension Insurance System ——Based On International Perspective

Entering the new century,the proportion of China's elderly population in the total population shows a rapid growth trend.From 2000 to 2019,the number of people over the age of 65 rose by 62.96 million,accounting for 5.6 percent of the total population,the pension expenditure problem has also become one of the difficult problems that Chinese society needs to face.At the same time,the income distribution gap between different groups and different regions in China shows a clear trend of widening,and the reasons leading to the widening of the income gap are various,however,as a matter of people's livelihood and the country's long-term stability of the old-age insurance system is not perfect and unfair is one of the important reasons.The old-age insurance system is an important redistribution policy to adjust the income distribution gap among residents,and it has a strong redistribution function,its role in stabilizing economic and social development,alleviating poverty among the elderly and adjusting the income gap can not be ignored.Therefore,in order to better regulate the income gap between residents,the pension insurance system needs to effectively play the regulatory role of the Redistribution of wealth mechanism.The pension insurance system is the core content of the social security system.The pension insurance system plays an indispensable role in adjusting income gap and promoting social equity.Facing the widening income gap between urban and rural areas as well as the gap between the rich and the poor,the function of the pension insurance system to regulate the income distribution of residents leads people to think further,whether the pension insurance system plays a role in regulating the income distribution?What is the redistribution of wealth effect of the pension system?What are the factors that affect the adjustment of residents income distribution by the endowment insurance system?In recent years,these issues have been the focus of academic attention and debate.Under the international angle of view,this article mainly studies the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system from two aspects of theory and demonstration.On the theoretical level,the article is based on Marxism's social security redistribution thought,public economics and other related theories,and welfare economics theory,this paper expounds why the pension insurance system should be adopted to regulate the income distribution of residents,the objectives and operation modes of the old-age insurance system,and the main means of the pension insurance system to regulate the income distribution of residents This paper analyzes the present situation and characteristics of different pension insurance system modes from the system level,and studies the influence of different pension insurance system modes on income distribution.On the empirical level,firstly,when studying the redistribution of the pension insurance system in China,this paper analyzes the inequality of the old-age pension in China according to the data of CHARLS in 2018,and applies the OLS model to analyze the factors that affect the inequality of the old-age pension,secondly,using r software,this paper makes an empirical study on the overall effect of China's endowment insurance system on adjusting the income distribution of residents,and studies the existing problems of China's pension Insurance System from the perspective of urban and rural areas,then,according to the EUROMODE database(G2.0+version),the author calculates the specific conditions of the adjustment of income distribution by different national pension systems,using Gini Coefficient,MT Index and R Coefficient to analyze the details,and from the coverage of pension insurance,expenditure scale,funding model,payment methods to analyze the pension insurance system to regulate the practice of income distribution path;Finally,according to the actual situation of the country,the way to optimize the redistribution effect of the old-age insurance system is discussed.The article is divided into six parts:The first part is the introduction.Firstly,it introduces the research background of this paper from the angle of the problem of the income gap between the residents and the dilemma of the development of the old-age insurance system,this paper expounds the significance of the topic selection from the theoretical value and the practical value.Secondly,the existing research results are reviewed and reviewed,this paper summarizes the effects of the operation mode of the old-age insurance system on the income distribution,the poverty reduction effect of the old-age insurance system,the intra-and inter-generational redistribution effect of the old-age insurance system and the redistribution effect of the old-age Insurance System.Finally,it introduces the research method and framework of this paper,and points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper.The second part introduces the theoretical basis of the adjustment of residents'income gap by the pension insurance system.First,it generalizes the basic definition of Redistribution of wealth,and explains the relationship between redistribution of wealth policy and income distribution.Second,it elaborates the theoretical basis of the pension insurance system regulating the income distribution of residents,based on Marxism's thought of social security redistribution,the theory of welfare economics,etc.,discusses the necessity of adjusting the income distribution of residents by the pension insurance system,this paper summarizes the theoretical models of the pension system regulating income distribution,including life cycle theory and generation overlapping model,and the main means of the pension system regulating income distribution.The third part is the redistribution effect analysis of China's pension insurance system.First of all,the first section of this chapter introduces the history and development of China's pension insurance system.Secondly,it analyzes the changing rules and characteristics of China's pension insurance system in recent years,thus provides the solid reality background for our country pension insurance system's redistribution effect research.Finally,this paper attempts to analyze the redistribution effect of China's pension insurance system through empirical analysis,based on the data of CHARLS in 2018,systematically studies the inequality of China's pension,and uses the OLS model to analyze the factors affecting the inequality of pension,this paper applies R software to make an empirical study on the adjustment of income distribution by the pension insurance system in China,and analyzes the current situation of the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system from the perspective of urban and rural areas.The fourth part is the analysis of the impact of typical foreign endowment insurance system model on income distribution.Due to the differences of base and cultural background in different countries,the pension insurance system will also have some differences.The foreign pension insurance system can be divided into three types:first,the income-related pension insurance system model;Second,the national welfare-based pension insurance system model;third,the mandatory savings-based pension insurance system model.In order to better analyze the design concept of different endowment insurance system models and their impact on income distribution,this paper selects typical countries from each pension insurance system model to study,it is found that the three models of pension insurance system have their own advantages and disadvantages,are suitable for the specific economic conditions of various countries,and the redistribution effect of pension insurance system is closely related to the basic model and operation of pension insurance system.From the impact of income distribution,countries that choose the income-related pension system generally adopt the pay-as-you-go system,through national legislation can enable the elderly to get the most basic living security,the state provides pensions through the collection of pension insurance and financial subsidies by employers and employees,and the government has implemented a series of measures to guarantee the old age of low-income elderly groups in particular,after the implementation of the pension insurance system,the benefit of low-income groups is more significant.The universal pension insurance system attaches great importance to the concept of equity.This model of the pension insurance system emphasizes that the concept of equity is not only limited to the equality of opportunity,but also pays more attention to the equity of results.The state adopts such transfer payment means as the old-age insurance system,narrowing the gap between rich and poor.So it is a kind of social "fairness" that focuses on eliminating social differences.But this kind of pension system government pension public expenditure is bigger,the financial pressure of the pension government increases year by year.The compulsory savings pension insurance system emphasizes the principle of reciprocity of rights and obligations,with more contributions and less contributions,but the compulsory savings pension insurance system lacks social reciprocity because of the differences in the incomes of the insured persons,there will be great differences in the contributions paid by different groups,resulting in a great disparity in the level of pensions paid out after retirement,and it is difficult to give every insured a fair and effective old-age security,Singapore,Chile as an example of the compulsory savings-type pension insurance system in regulating the role of income distribution should be further enhanced.Generally speaking,most countries adopt the pay-as-you-go system as the main endowment insurance system.Under this model,the pension insurance system has the functions of intra-generational redistribution and inter-generational redistribution,in the pension insurance contributions and payment of the two links under the synergy of income distribution.Even Singapore,a representative country with compulsory savings,has introduced some income distribution pension schemes in order to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor and give full play to the mutuality of the pension system.The fifth part is the empirical analysis of the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system from the international perspective.The first section of this chapter introduces the data source and the research method;the second section,starting from the contribution rate,proves the important role of the social security system with the old-age insurance system as the main body in the income adjustment,compared with the tax system,the endowment insurance system contributes more to the adjustment of the income gap.Then,in order to verify the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system,taking the EU countries as an example,this paper analyzes the actual situation of the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system of the EU countries by using the change of Gini Coefficient,Mt Index and R coefficient,the study shows that the pension insurance system has become an important redistributive policy tool to narrow the social income gap,the Mt Index and the R Coefficient are both positive and relatively stable,but there are some differences in the adjustment of different countries.The third section is the path analysis of adjusting income gap in the pension insurance of different countries,from the perspectives of the coverage of the pension insurance system,the scale of expenditure,the mode of financing,the mode of payment,etc.,analysis of the reasons for the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system.The fifth part is the empirical analysis of the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system from the international perspective.The first section of this chapter introduces the data source and the research method;the second section,starting from the contribution rate,proves the important role of the social security system with the pension insurance system as the main body in the income adjustment,compared with the tax system,the pension insurance system contributes more to the adjustment of the income gap.Then,in order to verify the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system,taking the EU countries as an example,this paper analyzes the actual situation of the redistribution effect of the old-age insurance system of the EU countries by using the change of Gini Coefficient,Mt Index and R coefficient,the study shows that the pension insurance system has become an important redistributive policy tool to narrow the social income gap,the Mt Index and the R Coefficient are both positive and relatively stable,but there are some differences in the adjustment of different countries.The third section is the path analysis of adjusting income gap in the pension insurance of different countries,from the perspectives of the coverage of the pension insurance system,the scale of expenditure,the mode of financing,the mode of payment,etc.,analysis of the reasons for the redistribution effect of the pension insurance system.The sixth part is the main conclusion and the policy suggestion,first carries on the summary to the full text's main conclusion,on this foundation,reasonably uses for reference the overseas especially the developed country pension insurance system to adjust the resident income disparity the related experience,according to the actual situation of our country,it is necessary to deepen and promote the reform of the pension insurance system,strengthen the income adjustment function of the redistribution policy of the pension insurance system,and put forward some corresponding suggestions to promote the development of the pension insurance system in our country.For example,to expand the coverage of the pension insurance system;to establish a gradual national co-ordination and promotion mechanism;to optimize the payment mechanism of the pension insurance;to define the financial responsibility and optimize the financial expenditure of the old-age insurance;to improve the contribution mechanism of the pension insurance;We will vigorously develop the enterprise annuity system.