Research On Multi-scale Ecosystem Services And Ecological Security Pattern In Northwest Hubei

In the context of cross-border ecological conservation and urban clustering.the key question "How do the spatial distribution,driving mechanisms of ecosystem services change with social development under different administrative spatial scales?How could scientific knowledge help natural conservation management?How are ecological service changes spatially coupled with human well-being?How to build an ecological security pattern that not only matches the supply and demand of regional ecological protection,but also saves construction costs "In this study,the "Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen ",urban agglomeration in northwestern Hubei Province.which has rich ecological conservation value,was taken as the study area.The study explores the spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem services in "Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen ",at four scale(gird scale,town scale,county scale and city scale),the trade-offs and synergies,and the scale effects of ecosystem services as the driving forces,and explores the key points of cross-regional and cross-level government cooperation in public governance of ecological and environmental issues.It explores the rational layout of ecological protection and ecological optimisation,and constructs an ecological security pattern that is suitable for the balance between supply and demand of regional ecosystem services.The main contents and conclusions of the study are as follows.(1)Responding to the demand for ecological protection in the new era,analyzing the connotation of ecosystem services,combining meteorological,soil,POI and other multi-source data,and constructing a technical methodological system for ecosystem service assessment through InVEST software and RUSLE model at grid scale,town scale,county scale and municipal scale.The study enriched ecosystem service researches in urban agglomerations at multiple scales,and selects seven ecosystem service evaluation indicators that are applicable to the local characteristics of the "XiangShi-Sui-Shen " urban agglomeration,such as food supply,water yield,carbon sequestration,nutrient export,habitat quality,soil erosion and landscape aesthetics.To provide new ideas and references for researches on ecosystem services in urban clusters.(2)The spatio-temporal patterm,trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in urban agglomerations at four scales in "Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen " were revealed.The study found that the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem services at all scales showed a fluctuating downward trend,with a more dispersed distribution at the grid and township scales and a concentrated distribution at the county and city scales.In terms of trade-offs and synergies,at the grid scale,all seven ecosystem service functions were significantly correlated;at the town scale,all ecosystem service functions were significantly correlated,except for water content-soil erosion and water content-nutrient export;at the county scale,the number of non-significantly correlated ecosystem service pairs increased to eight;at the city scale,only ten significantly correlated ecosystem service pairs remained.In terms of principal component expression,the cumulative descriptive power of the principal components of the spatial variation of ecosystem services at the grid scale and township scale was lower than that of the principal components at the county scale,and the data on ecosystem services at the municipal scale did not meet the conditions for principal component analysis.The results of the study clearly reflect the distribution patterns,interrelationships and main control factors of ecosystem services in the study area,and provide knowledges for regional planning and construction,resource and environmental evaluation and rational development and protection.(3)The study identifies the driving mechanism of the ecosystem service pattern of the "Xiang-ShiSui-Shen " urban agglomeration through a geodetector model based on system theory.The study found that natural factors and human factors such as land use type,precipitation and population density have different impacts on different ecosystem services at different spatial and temporal scales,showing spatial non-equilibrium and scale effects,and that the impact of dual factors on ecosystem services is stronger than that of single factors.Different combinations of climate and topography will directly drive changes in ecosystem structure and its ecosystem services,while human society will be driven by policy to change land use structure and land use practices through administrative and technological means,which in turn will affect regional ecosystem services.The geodetector model was used to find the driving mechanisms of the spatial distribution pattern of regional ecosystem services,and provides new ideas and perspectives for exploring multi-scale ecosystem regulation and conservation.(4)From the perspective of human-earth relationship theory and sustainable development,the study investigated the spatial and temporal changes in the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and regional human well-being by constructing the ecosystem service-well-being elasticity coefficients for the urban agglomeration of "Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen ".The study found that human wellbeing in "Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen " is on an upward trend，with variable variation in the coupling relationship with each ecosystem service.The results of the study suggest that for the "Xiang-Shi-SuiShen " urban agglomeration,where well-being is increasing and services are decreasing,it is necessary to further promote the construction of ecological protection and restoration projects for mountains.water,forests,fields,lakes and grasses,strengthen the construction of high-standard basic farmland.improve the ecological compensation mechanism,and optimise the spatial pattern of the national land.For areas with diminishing human well-being,ecotourism should be used to promote positive regional economic development,optimise industrial structure,and guide green and low-carbon production.This study visualises the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship between seven ecosystem services and human well-being,filling the gap in empirical research on the coupled relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being.(5)Based on landscape ecology theory,this study tried to balance spatial ecological supply and demand.Based on the "patch-corridor" paradigm,the minimum resistance model,probability model,gravitational model and circuit theory were used to identify important ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological barriers,and a bivariate local autocorrelation model is applied to explore the spatial matching relationship between regional ecosystem supply and demand.The study proposed suggestions for optimising the ecological security pattern by considering the spatial distribution of ecosystem services and regional socio-economic characteristics.The study extracted 34 ecological sources and 78 ecological corridors from the "Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen" city cluster,and summarised the spatial optimisation zoning of the ecological security pattern of "two horizontal,three vertical,multiple corridors and five zones".By analysing the spatial patterns of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivities,the study identified key areas of regional ecological conservation,and provided analysis paths for better regional ecological planning.This paper provides empirical analysis and theoretical reference for promoting high-quality regioanl development of urban agglomerations,optimising the layout of urban agglomerations and ecological civilisation.Compared with the existing studies,the results of this paper are more accurate,because:(1)it used material method to quantify ecological services rather than using value method to assess ecosystem services;(2)it used Spearman method to analyse the correlation of ecosystem services and geographic detector model to analyse the driving factors,which could avoid the problem of covariance of the dependent variables.The validity of the study of ecological value services has been improved.Possible innovations of the study include:(1)a comprehensive research of ecosystem services based on multiple spatial scales;this not only enriches the study of scale effects in geography in the field of ecosystem services research,but also provides a better reference for the integration of regional elements and cross-administrative planning,and the research results better meet the practical needs;(2)an expansion of the empirical study of the coupling between human well-being and ecosystem services(3)the construction of ecological security patterns from a human-centred perspective,incorporating the analysis of the spatial distribution of "ecosystem service supply and demand" into the traditional construction of ecological security patterns.