| Intangible cultural heritage(hereinafter referred to as ICH)is a kind of vernacular culture,but not only vernacular culture.These conventional and unique vernacular culture is presented through the process of practice,performance and activities.It also includes the site,materials,products,props,body and other material landscapes elements related to the process.They constitute the landscape patterns that we can perceive through seeing,listening,smelling and experiencing in reality.These landscape patterns belong to the subset of vernacular landscape heritage system according to their landscape characteristics.They are the important and dynamic component type of the vernacular landscape system that we see,that is,the ICH type vernacular landscape.The ICH type vernacular landscape is not a new concept.It is only concerned about the part of the heritage vernacular landscape that has been assessed as the ICH.Because the ICH is a landscape pattern with process presentation as the main body,the ICH type vernacular landscape mainly focuses on the whole process of the ICH presentation,including relevant practice,activities,performances,venues,materials,props,body,etc.At present,the research demand level.First of all,the relevant international policies turn from material heritage to material and non-material heritage,from grand to daily landscape,from static to static and living.Second,it is the focus of top-level design such as beautiful countryside and rural revitalization.Thirdly,it has become an important landscape hot spot in reality.Finally,the ICH vernacular landscape is in line with the core view of the humanistic concept of landscape architecture discipline itself.On the contrary,on the one hand,there is a dilemma of no one with landscape in some villages.On the other hand,the ICH is a weak point in the academic research of landscape architecture,especially the theoretical research.Based on the above situation,the original intention of this thesis is formed.Then,through the research,the author finds that there are some deficiencies in the research,such as emphasizing re-application,ignoring theoretical research;emphasizing static and ignoring dynamic;emphasizing utilization,ignoring protection and inheritance.Therefore,the author decided to use the perspective of liveness to carry out theoretical analysis and living exploration of the ICH which is important and dynamic in the vernacular landscape.This thesis takes the the ICH type vernacular landscape as the research object,Laizhou(county)of Shandong Province as the research area,and focus on theoretical analysis and live state research from the perspective of liveness.The author takes the ICH type vernacular landscape villages in Laizhou,Shandong Province as the field research point,there are two main reasons.On the one hand,Laizhou county is a thousand year old city,many villages were formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,coupled with its unique geographical location.These reasons make Laizhou form the vernacular landscape of Jiaodong,which is mainly composed of wheat planting and marine culture.On the other hand,the ICH in Laizhou is rich in volume,comprehensive in composition,scientific in hierarchy and diverse in liveness.All these ensure that the analysis and discussion have general reference,comprehensiveness and scientificity.The author spent a year in Laizhou rural research,absorbs the theories of cultural anthropology,planning,architecture,folklore and other disciplines,and adopts the methods of field investigation,case study and questionnaire survey.This thesis focuses on the theory and living state of the ICH type vernacular landscape,mainly analyzes the living sketch,the evolution of the living state,the structure relationship of the living state,and aiming at the problems of liveness,the method of liveness is explored.The four parts are related to each other and have their own emphases:The first part,the living sketch of vernacular landscape mainly outlines the living sketch from three aspects:research area,research object and research perspective,including the history and panorama of Laizhou,the relationship between intangible cultural heritage and vernacular landscape,the content and boundary of the ICH type vernacular landscape,and its fundamental characteristics.The second part,the living evolution system of the ICH type vernacular landscape,mainly traces its diachronic process.From the four aspects of formation reason,change influencing factors,change process and change stage to deepen the living evolution mechanism.In the third part,the living structure relationship of the intangible vernacular landscape mainly adopts the research idea of first separation and then combination.Firstly,the structure composition of the intangible vernacular landscape is analyzed from the time dimension,and then the spatial structure composition is analyzed on this basis.Finally,the complete and real living structure relationship of the intangible vernacular landscape is restored in the space-time dimension.These two chapters are the theoretical analysis of the diachronic process and the present process based on the understanding of the living sketch,to further describe the living details of the intangible vernacular landscape.The fourth part,for the current the intangible vernacular landscape facing the living problems,put forward a kind of thinking of living protection,and explore its specific living protection system to achieve the improvement of its methods.The main conclusions are as follows:1.The ICH is an important type of vernacular landscape,that is,the ICH type vernacular landscape,is a combination of material and non-material cultural spaces.its fundamental characteristic is liveness.It is a living whole formed by landscape noumenon and environmental system.2.The ICH type vernacular landscape is based on the basic needs and integration needs,which is a sudden change from scratch.Its evolution process is a kind of special evolution,and its built-in logic is that integrated evolution and creative evolution work together to achieve the purpose of adaptive evolution.It will go through four evolution stages:birth,development,maturity and decline,and interact with nature,settlement,society and cultural environment.3.The ICH type vernacular landscape is a living structure relationship of landscape element-landscape phase-landscape sequence in time.In space,this kind of landscape element-landscape phase-landscape sequence and environment system constitute a kind of living structure relation of heterogeneous isomorphism and interaction.4.In the face of the living state of the ICH type vernacular landscape,we should explore a living protection system of basic protection,archival protection,museum protection,reproduction protection,productive protection,institutional protection and core landscape material protection.Through the analysis of the full text,based on Laizhou village,this thesis completed the theoretical analysis and living exploration of the ICH type vernacular landscape.It enriches and deepens the theory of the ICH type vernacular landscape evolution and structure theory.It provides an analytic theoretical system for the ICH type vernacular landscape,a four-dimensional landscape presented by process.To realize the construction and exploration of a living method system which takes into account inheritance,protection and utilization.It is helpful to form a more real and complete understanding of the ICH in the landscape level. |
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