Research On The Contribution Of Coastal Ports To Urban Economy In China

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the CPC pointed out that China’s economic and social development has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development.In recent years,with the gradual slowdown of economic growth of China’s coastal ports and port cities,the accelerating pace of transformation and upgrading of coastal ports and port cities,and the rapid promotion of port resource integration and port function adjustment,China’s coastal ports and port cities have entered a new stage of high-quality development.The "throughput only theory" of traditional port development has been difficult to truly reflect the comprehensive economic operation of China’s coastal ports and the contribution of port economic activities to the urban economy.It also has a great negative impact on the sustainable and healthy development of the relationship between China’s coastal ports and their cities.Therefore,objectively analyzing and evaluating the relationship between China’s coastal ports and port cities,the role of coastal ports in the economic growth of port cities,and the contribution of coastal ports to the urban economy,and putting forward suggestions to promote the contribution of China’s coastal ports to the urban economy are of great theoretical significance and practical research value for guiding the high-quality development of China’s coastal ports and port cities in the new era.This paper focuses on the contribution of China’s coastal ports to the urban economy from the following aspects:First,construct the main framework of the research on the contribution of coastal ports to urban economy.Based on the comprehensive literature and theoretical research at home and abroad,scientifically define the connotation and scope of ports,port economy and port economic contribution,and analyze the mechanism of China’s coastal ports’ contribution to the urban economy,including the relationship mechanism between coastal ports and port cities and the contribution mechanism of coastal ports to the urban economy,so as to establish a theoretical basis for the study of China’s coastal ports’ contribution to the urban economy.Second,empirical analysis of the relationship between coastal ports and port cities in China.Based on the analysis of the current situation and trend of the development of China’s coastal ports and port cities,firstly,the evaluation index system of the relationship between China’s coastal ports and port cities is constructed,and the relationship between China’s coastal ports and port cities is calculated and analyzed by using entropy weight method and synergy degree model;Then,the DCI model is used to divide the relationship between China’s coastal ports and port cities into three types: port driven,city driven and port city mutual drive;Finally,impulse response is used to analyze the driving factors and driving mechanism of the relationship between coastal ports and port cities in China.Third,empirical analysis of the role of China’s coastal ports on urban economic growth.Based on the analysis of the development and evolution law of the relationship between coastal ports and port cities in China,firstly,the production function model is established and extended,and the synergy index of port city composite system is introduced into the production function model;Then,a panel data model is established to demonstrate the important role of capital,labor and the coordinated development of port and city in urban economic growth;Finally,a comprehensive analysis of China’s coastal ports on the role of urban economic growth mechanism.Fourth,the empirical analysis of the contribution scale of China’s coastal ports to the port city economy.Firstly,the economic contribution calculation methods of China’s coastal ports based on input-output multiplier model and added value model are constructed respectively;Secondly,combined with the actual development and management of coastal ports in China,the value-added model is selected and optimized;Then,it makes an in-depth analysis of the scope of economic activities of China’s coastal ports and their relationship with the classification of national economic industries;Finally,it makes an empirical analysis on the economic contribution of typical coastal areas and typical ports in China,so as to lay a foundation for the comprehensive promotion and application of the industry.Fifth,the comparative analysis and improvement suggestions of the economic contribution of major coastal ports at home and abroad.This paper makes an empirical analysis on the calculation method,release frequency and calculation results of the economic contribution of major coastal ports in Europe,the United States and the Asia Pacific region,deeply analyzes the main reasons for the large gap between the economic contribution of major coastal ports in China and foreign countries,and puts forward suggestions and policy enlightenment to promote the contribution of coastal ports in China to the urban economy.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first,port economy is the sum total of all economic activities related to ports within a certain range,with significant characteristics such as wide radiation range and strong economic driving ability;Second,there is a close relationship between China’s coastal ports and their cities,and the degree of port city synergy is generally on the rise.Most coastal ports have entered the stage of extremely coordinated development,but the development trend has slowed down gradually,the characteristics of regional differentiation are significant,the gap of port city synergy is widening,and the development of port city relationship is facing a new round of challenges;Third,China’s coastal port city relationship can be divided into three types: port driven,city driven and port city mutual drive.During the research period,most coastal ports have experienced the development stage of "port driven-port city mutual driven-city driven".The number of city driven port cities has increased significantly,and the number of port driven and port city mutual driven port cities has decreased;Fourth,the coordinated development of ports and cities plays a positive role in promoting the economic growth of China’s major coastal port cities.The economic growth of coastal port cities is still inseparable from the important role of ports.At present,it is impossible to realize the separation of port city relations and enter the stage of completely relying on the self growth efficiency of cities;Fifth,the economic contribution of major coastal ports in China lags significantly behind that of foreign countries,mainly due to different port management modes,different levels of intergenerational and functional expansion of port development,and differences in the statistical accounting coverage of port economic contribution,which also highlights the importance and urgency of accelerating the transformation and upgrading of China’s coastal ports and port cities,maintaining the sustained,healthy and coordinated development of port city relations,and enhancing the contribution of China’s coastal ports to the urban economy.Based on the above research,this paper puts forward specific suggestions to promote the contribution of China’s coastal ports to the urban economy:first,coastal port cities should closely track and accurately study and judge the development stage of the port city relationship,and introduce policies and measures to promote the coordinated development of the port city relationship according to local(time)conditions,so as to keep the port city relationship on a spiral development track;Second,coastal port cities should vigorously develop industries with local characteristics and development advantages,optimize the layout of port industries,and improve the scale of port industries and the level of support for urban economic development;Third,coastal ports should actively adapt to the needs of urban economic,industrial and transportation structure adjustment,change from "getting transportation" to "good transportation",change from simply providing loading and unloading transportation services to providing one-stop supporting services,orderly expand port service functions,extend port logistics industry chain,and better serve the high-quality development of the city where the port is located;Fourth,we should speed up the integration of regional port resources according to local conditions,reasonably divide labor,and constantly improve the overall economic benefits of the port and the level of contribution to the urban economy;Fifth,accelerate the transformation of China’s coastal ports from pursuing throughput to pursuing comprehensive quality and efficiency,and incorporate the economic contribution of ports into the evaluation of government departments and industries on the development of coastal ports in China;Sixth,we should clarify the calculation method of China’s coastal port economic contribution as soon as possible,incorporate the port added value into the national legal statistical system,and realize the long-term monitoring and analysis of China’s coastal port economic contribution,port city relationship and other key indicators through the establishment of China’s port performance observation station,so as to provide decision-making reference for government departments to introduce relevant measures to promote the contribution of China’s coastal ports to the urban economy.