A Study On The Theoretical Model And Spacial Mechanism Of Health And Environment In Human Settlement

The human habitat environment has a very important impact on health,but the weak causal link between health and urban spatial factors has long been poorly studied.This study focuses on three issues: first,to accurately and concisely express the complex relationship between the human habitat environment and health in multiple levels,dimensions and complex effects;second,to identify and clarify which urban spatial factors affect health and the mechanisms of their effects;and third,to optimize and improve urban and rural planning and spatial design,prevent and resolve urban spatial health risks,and promote the improvement of healthy human habitation.The study first traces the relevant background,development history and research dynamics of the theory of healthy habitat and proposes the concept of the "health bit",which covers the five dimensions of health,namely,the physical,psychological and social dimensions and the human habitat environment,including all the various factors that affect health,on the basis of which a theoretical model of the spatio-temporal evolution of a healthy habitat system based on the "health bit" is constructed.Using the health bit as an entry point for the study of healthy Habitat Systems,a behavioral exposure model for chronic diseases is proposed,fitting the causal link between urban space-health exposure-behavioral patterns and health outcomes,and proposing a multilevel health factor for healthy Habitat Systems,drawing on epidemiological theory.Summarizing four types of health risks in urban spaces: environmental pollution,pathogen exposure,lifestyle,and physical and mental stress,three pathways for urban planning to achieve healthy human habitation are proposed,namely(1)eliminating and reducing potential pathogenic risks in urban spaces;(2)reducing stress and tension through environmental design;and(3)promoting active lifestyles.The prevalence of lung cancer in Chinese women(macroscopic)and the prevalence of chronic diseases(hypertension)in the community of Wuhan City(mesoscopic)were then selected for the study,and a combination of theoretical research and spatial measurement analysis was used to examine the urban spatial influencing factors of healthy human habitation and their effect mechanisms.The study reached the following basic conclusions.First,the relationship between modern urban space and healthy human habitation is a broad-scale,multi-layered,multi-dimensional spatio-temporal composite effect that cannot be described by a single factor or linear influence mechanism.Second,the following findings were obtained from the study of lung cancer prevalence among women in China and chronic diseases among women in the Wuhan community: at the macro(urban)level,air pollution,development intensity,population density and urbanization rate were significantly associated with the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases;at the meso(community)level,there was a significant spatial aggregation of chronic disease prevalence;per capita income,road network density,walkability index and accessibility of facilities were significantly associated with the prevalence of chronic diseases;land mix index and public transport index were negatively associated with the prevalence of chronic diseases;population density,land intensity and green space rate were positively associated with the prevalence of chronic diseases.Third,based on the previous studies,drawing on and analysing the evidence from existing studies,including this one,a health-oriented strategy for healthy habitat design covering five aspects of urban planning,road traffic,public facilities,urban design and plot and building design is proposed.The research results of this paper can provide a more scientific and reasonable basis for the effective implementation of chronic disease prevention and control from the spatial perspective of cities and the health impact assessment of construction projects,and the research ideas can provide a new analytical perspective for the exploration of the temporal and spatial evolutionary patterns of chronic diseases and the exploration of health mechanisms.