| A distribution network integrating large-scale building clusters,i.e.buildings-todistribution-network integration system,can realize the coupling and interconnection of heterogeneous systems in it,the coordination and complementarity of various flexible resources,and the flexible interaction of each link of “source-grid-load-storage” sides.There are a large number of adjustable and flexible resources,such as buildings’ heating,ventilation,and air conditioning systems,distributed power generation systems,and battery energy storage systems in a buildings-to-distribution-network.These flexible resources can provide significant energy support for the energy management optimization of a buildings-to-distribution-network.However,a single flexible resource is usually small in capacity and scattered.Therefore,there is a limited schedulability for it.To make full use of the dispatchable electric energy of flexible resources,it is necessary to integrate all adjustable flexible resources into an unified analysis and energy management optimization system,with the goal of improving the economy and reliability of the distribution network.A buildings-to-distribution-network is a multi-agent interactive system.It can fully meet the actual scheduling requirements of the distribution network for flexible resources through the coordination and optimization of various flexible resources.However,the existing researches on the buildings-to-distribution-network have not considered and resolved the impact of the following issues on the energy management optimization of a buildings-to-distribution-network.These issues are the safe operating limit problem of the distribution equipment,the building parameter uncertainty problem,the incomplete exchange and incomplete sharing problem of parameters and information between different energy management systems of building clusters.These issues will seriously affect the schedulability of flexible resources in a buildings-to-distribution-network,thereby reducing the energy management optimization level of the buildings-to-distribution-network.For this reason,with the goal of fully exploiting the control potential of flexible resources,this paper proposes three novel energy management optimization methods that can effectively solve the above problems.The main work of this paper is as follows.(1)The energy management optimization model for the buildings-to-distributionnetwork is constructed to achieve an unified analysis and optimal scheduling of adjustable and flexible resources.On the “load” side,based on a building’s indoor heat balance equation,the quantitative mathematical relationship between the building’s indoor temperature,the cooling or heating energy demand,and the outdoor temperature is obtained,which is utilized to construct the thermal dynamic mathematical model of the building.On the “grid-source-storage” sides,the mathematical models of distribution network power flow,photovoltaic power generation systems and battery energy storage systems are constructed.According to the power balance of distribution network nodes,the dynamic coupling of component models in each link of “source-grid-load-storage” sides is realized to obtain the mathematical model of the buildings-to-distribution-network.The energy management optimization model of a buildings-to-distribution-network is constructed by combining the mathematical model of the buildings-to-distribution-network,the objective function of energy management optimization,and the safe operation constraints of each component in the “source-grid-load-storage” sides.(2)A centralized energy management optimization method for a buildings-todistribution-network,considering the thermal stability and safe operating limit of oilimmersed transformers,is proposed,by taking the thermal stable and safe operation limit problem of the oil immersed transformer as an example of the safe operation limit problem of the distribution equipment.Through this method,the following objectives can be achieved.1)The influence of thermal stability and safe operating limit of an oilimmersed transformer on its maximum allowable load rate is considered.2)The impact of the maximum allowable load rate of an oil-immersed transformer on the flexible resource scheduling in the buildings-to-distribution-network is considered.3)The thermally stable and safe operation of the oil-immersed transformer can be ensured,by making full use of the active demand response of buildings’ heating,ventilation,and air conditioning systems,the power output regulation capability of photovoltaic power generation systems,and the charging-discharging capabilities of battery energy storage systems.4)The power flow of the distribution network is optimized through the distribution network reconstruction to enhanced the scheduling level of flexible resources.The thermal stability and safe operation of oil-immersed transformers,the thermal comfort of building users,the voltage stability of distribution network nodes,and the reduction of distribution line loss,can be effectively coordinated using the proposed method.(3)A centralized energy management optimization method for a buildings-todistribution-network,considering the uncertainty of building parameters,is proposed.Through this method,the following objectives can be achieved.1)A state feedback controller is introduced to transform the open-loop dynamic equations of buildings into closed-loop dynamic equations to improve the robustness of the energy management optimization of a buildings-to-distribution-network to buildings’ parametric uncertainty.2)A virtual disturbance signal is constructed to make a low-conservative approximation to the joint change region(the integration region of the building parameter change region and the additional disturbance change region)of a building’s aggregated uncertainty problem.3)A robust model predictive control algorithm based on the system level synthesis method is selected as the control algorithm for the constructed energy management optimization model.The proposed energy management optimization method can optimize the energy management of a buildings-to-distribution-network by effectively dispatching the adjustable electric energy from the photovoltaic power generation systems,the battery energy storage systems,and the buildings’ heating,ventilation,and air conditioning systems.(4)A distributed energy management optimization method for a buildings-todistribution-network,considering the uncertainty of building parameters,is proposed.Through this method,the following objectives can be achieved.1)Alternating direction multiplier algorithm is utilized to effectively solve the problem of incomplete exchange and incomplete sharing of parameters and information between different energy management systems of building clusters.2)According to the separable characteristics of rows,columns or blocks of constraints in the building models,the buildings-side energy management optimization problem can be decomposed into a series of iterative suboptimization problems.The above decomposition way of sub-optimization problems can greatly improve the solving efficiency of the energy management optimization problem of a large-scale buildings-to-distribution-network.3)A distributed robust model predictive control algorithm using the system level synthesis method is selected as the control algorithm for the constructed energy management optimization model.The proposed energy management optimization method can optimize the energy management of a buildingsto-distribution-network by effectively dispatching the adjustable electric energy from the photovoltaic power generation systems,the battery energy storage systems,and the building heating,ventilation,and air conditioning systems.In summary,three novel energy management optimization methods for a buildingsto-distribution-network are proposed in this paper.During the research processes of these methods,the building-to-distribution-network and the efficiently energy management are respectively taken as the object and the direction of research.The starting research points of these three methods are respectively to solve one of the following three problems during the energy management optimization of a buildings-to-distribution-network.These problems are the safe operating limit problem of the distribution equipment,the uncertainty problem of building parameters,the incomplete exchange and incomplete sharing problem of parameters and information between different energy management systems of building clusters.The proposed energy management optimization methods use the model predictive control algorithms to realize the coordinated optimization of multiple flexible resources in a buildings-to-distribution-network,so as to fully exploit and utilize the complementary substitution potential of different flexible resources.In this way,the reduction of system operating cost and distribution line loss,the thermal comfort maintenance of building users,and the voltage stability of distribution network nodes are coordinated during the energy management optimization of a buildings-to-distribution-network. |
PDF Full Text Request