| Musk deer is an important resource animal in China.The musk synthesized and secreted is not only one of the four animal spices in the world,but also one of the most valuable Chinese specialty medicinal resources with a very long history and wide application.At the beginning of last century,the wild musk deer resources in China were seriously destroyed by continuous vicious hunting and international smuggling.So far,captive musk deer has become the only effective way to supply natural musk.Forest musk deer is the largest captive population of musk deer in China.However,the theoretical research on promoting musk secretion of forest musk deer is far from supporting and solving the current situation that musk production is in short supply,and only a dozen pharmaceutical enterprises have been approved by the state to use natural musk in limited quantities.Therefore,it is of great value and significance to accelerate the research on the mechanism and physiological regulation of the secretion of musk deer and to improve the production of natural musk of artificial musk deer.In order to improve the secretion of musk deer as the core objective.The study will start from two aspects of physiological regulation and molecular mechanism to conduct a preliminary in-depth study on the mechanism of forest musk deer secretion and regulation.And the molecular mechanism of the secretion was studied by muskrat model animal.The main results are as follows:1.In this study,the light cycle of forest musk deer in captivity was changed by using human-controlled light technology,In the experimental group,musk deer could feel the light duration and light intensity of natural scent shedding season in spring north of tropic of Cancer.The experimental results more accurately verified that the change of fecal hormone level of forest musk deer was 1-2 weeks earlier than the behavioral response.Compared with the control group,the experimental group of musk deer with early exposure to the light cycle of the secreting season entered the fragrance stage 27 days earlier in physiology and behavior,respectively.And all experimental individuals completed complete perfuming activities,In addition,the natural biorhythm of forest musk deer was changed by the control of human industrial light,which had certain effects on physiological stress and immunity.Studies have proved that photoperiod is the key environmental factor to start the physiology of musk deer secretion.Under the condition of nutrition and health management,human industrial light technology can be a new method to regulate the secretion of musk deer.2.This study focused on the regulating effect of male gonads in the regulation axis of secretion of musk deer on the secretion glands.This study innovatively developed an aphrodisiac Chinese medicine additive for forest musk deer secretion activities.The experimental forest musk deer was fed one month before shedding fragrance.The results showed that the peak value of testosterone was slightly higher in the TCM feeding group than that in the control group,and the duration of testosterone threshold was significantly longer than that in the control group.In addition,cortisol hormone results showed that feeding Chinese medicine additive can help forest musk deer to recover the health state after secretion.The most important thing was that the secretion of musk deer was significantly increased by feeding the Chinese medicine additive,and the average increment of musk in head was 3.24 g,24.95% higher than that in the control group,The annual profit of each musk deer increased by nearly 1600 YUAN.3.In this study,we obtained the transcriptomic results of sachet glands in the secretion and non-secretion stages of muskrat.A total of 2,908 genes were up-regulated in the secretion stage of sachet cells.The study established an animal model of ovariated odoriferous glands for the first time,and obtained the transcriptomic results of ovariated and normal odoriferous glands in muskrat.The results showed that gonads were the key organ to regulate the secretion of incense,and the absence of gonads significantly affected the activity of the scent glands of muskrats.Comparative analysis showed that a total of 44 different-related transcripts of incense secretion were annotated into 35 genes and proteins and 33 KEGG pathways.Carbonic anhydrase(CA)phosphatidyl cytidyl transferase(CDS1,CDS2,The elongation of cds A(8-3)-dehydrogenase(FADS1)ultra-long chain fatty acid protein1(ELOVL1)The elongation of ultra-long chain fatty acid protein 4(ELOVL4)and diacylglyceryl transferase 1(DGAT1)are important genes affecting the biosynthesis of muskrat Signal pathway(KO04350)Calcium signal pathway(KO04020)is an important pathway induced by gonad regulation to secrete incense.4.This study investigated the role of the peroxisome pathway in the unique function of scent secretion in odoriferous animals.The transcriptomic results of scent glands in the secretion and non-secretion stages of muskrat showed that 20 genes in the peroxisome pathway were significantly up-regulated in the secretion stage.Then the gene function was verified by in vitro culture of muskrat adenine cells.ACOX3 and DBP genes were selected from the pathway and silenced by RNA interference.GC-MS results showed that the content of 9-octadecenoic acid in muskrat juice secreted by adenosine cells was significantly decreased in the experimental group.Studies have shown that peroxisome pathway plays an important role in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism during muskrat secretion.ACOX3 and DBP genes are important genes regulating the synthesis of muskrat incense.To sum up,this paper discusses the factors that influence and promote the secretion of musk deer in captivity.According to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis is the physiological regulation axis of secretion of musk deer.For the first time,artificial light was used to induce forest musk deer to secrete fragrance.A Chinese medicine additive to increase the secretion of musk deer was also developed.Then model animals were used to reveal the molecular mechanism of some secreting glands.The results not only enrich the research data on the mechanism and physiological basis of musk secretion.It also provides theoretical and practical basis for increasing the secretion of musk deer in captivity.However,there is still a lot of work to be done on screening and verification of scent secreting genes.The mechanism of screening gene proteins and metabolites in enhancing the secretion of incense remains to be further explored. |
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