Study On The Chongqing Librarianship During The War Of Resistance Against Japan(1937-1945)

The librarianship in the eastern and western regions of our country presents different scenes during the war of Resistance Against Japan.The librarianship in the eastern region was destroyed by the Japanese army and declined rapidly.Chongqing in the western region became the political,economic,and cultural center of China during the war due to the move of the National Government.The librarianship developed rapidly.Although it has experienced certain difficulties,it has continued to develop,becoming the center of China’s librarianship during the war,contributing to the development of Chongqing and China’s librarianship and the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan.However,the academic circles have not yet conducted systematic research on Chongqing’s librarianship during the war.Therefore,this article uses the archives of the libraries in the Republic of China,periodicals and newspapers during the Republic of China,local chronicles as basic historical materials to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth research of the librarianship in Chongqing during the war in order to truly show the circumstance of Chongqing Librarianship during the war.The development of the cause,analyze the characteristics and limitations of the development of Chongqing’s librarianship.This article is divided into five parts to discuss the Chongqing librarianship during the War of Resistance Against Japan.The first chapter analyzes the backgrounds of Chongqing librarianship development during the War of Resistance Against Japan.In the late Qing Dynasty,Chongqing’s librarianship began to sprout.Chongqing’s librarianship began to take off when the Republic of China was established.Chongqing’s librarianship began to accelerate development until the beginning of the 20 th.The Chongqing librarianship development system was initially formed until the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan,which laid the foundation for the development of the wartime.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan,the Nationalist Government moved its capital to Chongqing.With the relocation of the capital by the National Government,a large number of factories,enterprises,banks,schools,libraries,and societies moved into Chongqing,making the capital also an economic and cultural center during the war.In addition,the social environment of Chongqing also changed during the war,which provided opportunities and conditions for the development of the librarianship.The second chapter analyzes the development characteristics of Chongqing librarianship during the War of Resistance Against Japan.At the starting of the War,the relocation of the Nationalist Government led to the relocation of libraries,educational institutions of library science and library associations in the eastern region.At the same time,in order to meet people’s reading needs,some libraries have begun to build,and Chongqing’s librarianship has developed rapidly.In order to force the National Government to surrender,the Japanese army carried out frequent bombings on Chongqing in the middle of the War,which caused heavy losses in the librarianship.The emergence of inflation has also had a serious impact on the development of Chongqing’s librarianship.Coupled with the sudden increase in population,the problems of cramped buildings and insufficient collections have begun to become prominent.However,with effective cooperation of all forces,the development of Chongqing’s librarianship has overcome difficulties,restored its vitality and developed in the later period of the War of Resistance Against Japan.The third chapter combines the overall analysis and case analysis to discuss the development of various types of libraries.The study found that public libraries,private libraries,university libraries,affiliated libraries and grassroots libraries in Chongqing area encountered certain difficulties during the War of Resistance Against Japan,but actively adopted various measures.The Chongqing Municipal Library actively seeks funds from the government,attaches importance to the use of social forces to handle reading rooms and book circulation offices,strives to improve staff welfare,and increases collections through multiple channels;the private Beiquan Library strives to build a library organization system,collect books,edit and publish Books and exhibitions are held to serve readers;Chongqing University Library has established new buildings,increased its collections,and hired staff.Although it has experienced the impact of Japanese bombing and the “rejection of growth”,the status of Chongqing University has improved after the nationalization.Ushering in development opportunities;Minsheng Company Library formulates various rules and regulations,handles roving libraries,and organizes reading clubs;Beibei Public Library reorganizes its organization system,organizes collections,handles book lending,expands book circulation,and promotes Beibei library circles to move towards unity.图 1 These measures have enabled libraries to gain development.The fourth chapter analyzes the interaction of library science education,library associations and library development in Chongqing during the war.It is manifested in three aspects.One is the interaction between library science education and library development.The development of library science education activities has cultivated a large number of talents for the development of libraries,and has also promoted library academic research;the development of libraries has stimulated the development of library science education activities and the expansion of school scale.Some public libraries are also engaged in Library science education activities.The second is the interaction between library community and library development.Various library communities have taken measures to develop the librarianship and plan the links between libraries in Chongqing;the development of libraries has contributed to the establishment of library communities and supports the operation of library communities.The third is the interaction between library science education and library community.While running schools,library science education institutions also actively initiate,establish,and participate in library clubs,and library clubs help library science education.During the War of Resistance Against Japan,Chongqing’s library science education,library associations and libraries formed a benign interaction,which promoted the development of librarianship.The Fifth Chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of Chongqing’s library undertakings during the war of resistance.The article believes that the Chongqing librarianship during the Anti-Japanese War was the center of China’s librarianship during the war,a prosperous stage in the development of modern Chongqing librarianship,and it is an important stage in the development of modern Chinese librarianship.During the war,the development of Chongqing’s librarianship contributed to serving readers,improving the knowledge and cultural level of the people,and propagating against the Japanese War.It also preserved the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and the foundation of China’s librarianship,and contributed to the Chongqing librarianship after the war and today.The development of the librarianship laid the foundation.At the same time,the development of Chongqing’s librarianship has the characteristics of strong political color,wartime and tortuous,and also has the limitations of uneven development in the region and lack of continuity in development.Finally,the article summarized the development of Chongqing’s library undertaking during the Anti-Japanese War,and pointed out that the War of Resistance against Japan and the National Government had a dual influence on the development of Chongqing’s library undertaking.This is an important reason for the complex appearance of Chongqing’s library undertaking.