| Revolution is not what the masses are endowed congenitally.However,during the New Democratic Revolution,tens of millions of people joined the revolutionary torrent led by the Communist Party of China(CPC),which constituted an overwhelmingly magnificent force of the Chinese revolution.Therefore,it is essential to make an in-depth historical investigation and theoretical grasp over the topic of "mass mobilization of the CPC" to understand the Chinese revolution and "why the masses supported the revolution and the CPC".However,if we directly regard this as the research object,it will inevitably cause prejudice or superficial analysis in research.It was a critical moment for the development and growth of the Party during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.The resistance bases in North China were the main battlefield for the Party to lead the people to fight against Japanese aggressors.Therefore,the mass mobilization of the resistance bases in North China is an epitome of the history of mass mobilization of the CPC.Looking deep into the mass mobilization in North China’s resistance bases can not only grasp the key stage of mass mobilization of the CPC but also understand the typical policies of its mass mobilization.Furthermore,it can portray the complex situation of mass mobilization faced by the CPC.The mass mobilization of the CPC is a historical process in which theory guides practice and then practice modifies theory.Therefore,we must make an insightful analysis on its original theoretical source and theoretical construction to grasp the historical pulse correctly.On the one hand,from the dimension of concept construction,Marxist classical writers expounded the dominant role of the proletariat in the masses and brought the peasant class into the masses.Based on the perspective of historical materialism,they set forth the historical status of the masses and put forward that the masses are the creators of material and spiritual wealth and the decisive force of social revolution.It was emphasized that proletarian political parties must maintain close ties with the masses and safeguard their interests.At the same time,they pointed out that the masses should be mobilized from interest and organization and be inspired through indoctrination education.On the other hand,the early leaders of the CPC constructed the Chinese meaning of the concept of the masses based on the reality of the Chinese revolution,clarified the importance of the masses and the necessity of mobilizing the masses,put forward the idea of organizing and training the masses with socialist groups.Also,they proposed the thought of mass movement under the armed revolution,the mass viewpoint in the construction of the revolutionary army and the mass work method of "no investigation,no voice" in the revolutionary practice.All these lay a theoretical and practical foundation for the mass mobilization of the CPC during the anti-Japanese war.The entry of the CPC into North China embarked on the historical curtain of mass mobilization in the resistance bases in this region.First,the anti-Japanese armed forces of the CPC sent local working groups to establish Party organizations at all levels,semi-regime "war mobilization committees" and mass mobilization groups,which directly pushed forward the arrival of the climax of the mass mobilization movement in North China.Second,after the CPC entered North China,guided by the spirit of "massive development of the Party" and "consolidation of the Party",Party organizations and Party members achieved "vigorous development",which made the CPC evolve from a party in the Soviet area and belonging to the red army to one with national influence and move from a narrow underground party to one with extensive mass foundation.By consolidating the Party’s work,the Party’s team was purified,the Party’s organization was strengthened and the mass work of the Party organization was intensified.Third,anti-Japanese democratic regimes with a semi-regime nature such as the General War Mobilization Committee,the Administrative Committee of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region,the Joint Administrative Office of Southern Hebei,Taihang and Taiyue and the Wartime Work Implementation Committee of Shandong Province were successively established,which stimulated the people’s national consciousness and anti-Japanese enthusiasm.Fourth,the CPC established systematic mass organizations,including workers,farmers,as well as women and young people’s anti-Japanese and national salvation societies.Moreover,it consolidated and developed mass organizations with the help of the organization construction and development model in the resistance base,which was defined by "integration of the Party,the government,the army and the people".The CPC constructed a complete policy mobilization system that promoted mass mobilization in the resistance areas,including the economic mobilization policy,the educational mobilization policy and the cultural mobilization policy.First,according to the changes of the principal social contradiction during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the CPC adjusted the land policy during the Agrarian Revolutionary War and promulgated the policy of "rent and interest reduction for landlords and payment of rent and interest by farmers".At the same time,it adjusted the "reasonable burden policy" and implemented the policy of giving preferential treatment to families with soldiers in the anti-Japanese war.By doing so,it realized the timely transformation of the economic policy and constituted the economic factors for the farmers’ acceptance of the CPC and support of the anti-Japanese war.Second,the CPC embedded the contents of revolution and the war of resistance against Japan in the educational subjects and teaching materials of primary school education,carried out the winter study movement actively and conducted social education featured by revolutionary ideology education and anti-Japanese mobilization education through the Mr.Small system,which not only enhanced the masses’ knowledge and cultural level but also cultivated their national consciousness.Third,the CPC implanted revolutionary ideology into traditional cultural forms,festival anniversaries and folk customs to make it a literary form with the function of mass mobilization.Moreover,it actively transformed the family and made the private traditional family a revolutionary public space.At the same time,the CPC also shaped the masses with revolutionary consciousness and anti-Japanese enthusiasm by giving aid to women’s economic production,boosting women’s liberation and rebuilding "rascals".The CPC conducted tit-for-tat struggles against the "people’s grasp" policy implemented by the Japanese puppets in the resistance bases in North China and the damage done by the Japanese puppets to the mass work in the resistance bases.On the one hand,the Japanese front army in North China and the North China’s puppet regime established some organizations such as the "propaganda class" of the North China front army,"North China Committee for the Extermination of the CPC" and the puppet "New People Society of the Republic of China" in North China and dispatched intelligence personnel to sneak into the resistance areas in this region to conduct in-depth analysis and judgment on the mass mobilization work of the CPC.In addition,the Japanese army strengthened the armed "mopping-up" operations against the military and masses in the resistance bases through the decentralized allocation of troops.Also,it implemented the Baojia system and set up the defense area for the CPC to isolate the Party from the masses in the resistance bases and carried out various forms of sabotage on the mass mobilization work of the CPC.On the other hand,the CPC strove to fight against the "people’s grasp" of the Japanese puppets.In order to break the attempt of the so-called "people’s grasp" of the Japanese puppets,the CPC led the army and people in the resistance areas to expose the lies of the "people’s grasp" of the Japanese army with forceful propaganda and encouragement.Besides,it relied on the masses and took advantage of Japanese captives to disintegrate the enemy and sent backstage military teams to fight in enemy-occupied areas,which effectively knocked the so-called "people’s grasp" work of the Japanese puppets.During the anti-Japanese war,through economic policies,mass organizations,school and social education and cultural mobilization,not only did the CPC realize the reconstruction of the subjectivity of the masses’ economic obedience,organizational conversion and ideological adherence to the Party but also created a powerful party,revolutionary masses and "the iron army of the Party",creating the historical legend of rebirth.First,in the process of leading mass mobilization,the CPC obtained the political recognition of the masses to the Party,strengthened the mass foundation of the Party,realized the Party’s economic & cultural guidance and organizational leadership to the masses,and forged itself into a powerful political party.Second,the CPC invariably attached great importance to mass mobilization.It inspired the masses ideologically,united them organizationally,encouraged them in action,and promoted China’s working people to become heroic masses with patriotism,organizational discipline and revolutionary activities.Third,from the perspective of organizational construction,the CPC actively pushed forward the building of "indomitable" military Party organizations,forming the organization carrier that "the Party commands the gun".The top-level design of the system was carried out around "the Party commands the gun",the specific systemic and institutional designs were improved,the solid system guarantee was built for the Party’s absolute leadership over the army,and the transformation targeting "the Party commands the gun" from the principle to the system came true.The mass mobilization work carried out by the CPC in North China not only provides a driving source for the great victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression but also offers useful historical experience and value enlightenment for the new era.On the one hand,the mass mobilization implemented by the CPC in the resistance bases in North China includes not only the preliminary attempt of economic policy but also the inheritance and development of political organizations.Moreover,it consists of the iterative upgrading of mobilization methods and the overall improvement of the mobilization system.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the construction of the mass mobilization ability of the CPC in the new era by thoroughly sorting out the mass mobilization course of the CPC in the anti-Japanese war in North China and systematically exploring the experience and lessons of mass mobilization of the CPC in terms of methods,mechanisms,policy strategies and organizational systems.On the other hand,the mass mobilization of the CPC has significant contemporary value.Doing well in the mass work in the new era is conducive to strengthening the Party’s leadership,giving full play to the advantages of the socialist system and realizing the people’s yearning for a better life.The valuable historical experience provides crucial references and thoughts for us to conduct mass mobilization in the new era,implement the Party’s mass line and solve the current mass groups.The research on mass mobilization of the CPC is an extremely complex systematic project.Although the mass mobilization of the resistance bases in North China is relatively representative,the biased research dilemma may happen if it is limited to the resistance bases in North China or the period of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.At the same time,the mass mobilization of the CPC is not a unique product of the revolutionary period but a long-term historical process.Thus,we should deeply investigate the links and differences of revolution,construction,reform and mass mobilization in the new era from the dimension of historical development so as to summarize the history and care the reality. |
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