An Analysis Of The Essence Of Althusser's Critical Thought On Political Economic

In the 19 th century,as soon as Marx’s critique of political economy came out,it showed a historical penetrating power of profound reflection on the contradictions of capitalist modernity.In the 20 th century,in the context of the post-war transformation of Western industrial powers to post-industrial society,Marxist political economy critical thinking should attract enough attention.The appearance of Althusser’s critical thoughts on political economy should be marked by the publication of his book "Reading Capital" written in 1965.He returned to the real Marx with the mission of "defending Marx".——In the text of Critique of Political Economy,the methodology of Criticism of Political Economy was examined and examined.What I wanted to answer was that in the stage of monopoly capitalism towards imperialism,the capitalist mode of production was promoted by the technological advancement of the Industrial Revolution.,Which triggered the changes in the structure of the mode of production,on the new material basis of the development of capitalism,and what new political and philosophical manifestations of the contradiction between the socialization of capitalist production and globalization and the ownership system have taken place? Investigate on the basis of industry,exchange,and communication in the 20 th century.The academic circles usually call the capitalist development stage studied and criticized by Marx as the "early capitalism stage",and the capitalist development stage that began in the 1950 s and 1960 s as the "late capitalism stage".The historical coordinates of the political economy criticism of Althusser.Different from the early stage of capitalist development,the "late stage of capitalism" highlights its own characteristics.First of all,due to the emergence of a new scientific and technological revolution in the late capitalist society,social productivity has been greatly developed,and social material conditions are abundant.Not only did the capitalist countries fail to decline or become confused as Lenin predicted,they instead created a thriving society.Welfare society.Secondly,in the late capitalism stage,the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat has been greatly eased.Class struggle is no longer a grand narrative of writing history.The identity of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is gradually diminishing.In this process A new class was created in China: the "middle class".The emergence of the "middle class" has a profound impact in the history of capitalist society.Third,in the late capitalism stage,the means of the bourgeoisie’s ruling has undergone tremendous changes.If in the early stage of capitalist development,the bourgeoisie controlled society through violent suppression and coercive obedience as the main means,then in the late capitalist development stage,the bourgeoisie was mainly based on the subtle effects of ideology and material living conditions.Assimilation is the main method,covering the new contradiction between capital and spirit.After re-examining the methodology of political economy criticism,Althusser believed that political economy criticism should be based on the overall structure of the capitalist mode of production.Classical economics only interprets established economic facts within the framework of humanism."Objectivity" is essentially a concealment of truth.The revelation of scientific truth needs to go deep into the unity of productivity and production relations.The economic foundation undoubtedly plays a fundamental decisive role in the superstructure.However,within a certain material production limit,the superstructure has relatively independent initiative.It creates The social conditions for the reproduction of capitalist relations of production have ensured the reproduction of capitalist relations of exploitation.Then,what does the superstructure rely on to regenerate the social conditions needed for material production? Althusser believed that the ideological state apparatus guarantees the reproduction of capitalist production relations.Ideology is illusory,but when ideology becomes the ideological state apparatus through materialization,it will allow ideology to play its role.The real power to control society.Therefore,Althusser asserted that the proletariat should carry out a revolution against two objects,to seize both the ideological state apparatus and the bourgeois state power.Is there a precedence to revolutionize two objects? Althusser examined the specific situations of the Russian Revolution,the European Revolution,and the Chinese Revolution with the contradictory view of multiple decisions,and believed that it is true materialism to grasp the sequence of information from the matter itself.Therefore,Althusser emphasized that in developed western capitalist countries,the priority of class struggle in the ideological field should be maintained.Althusser’s critique of political economy is of great positive significance in pursuing the political and philosophical realization of the economy.First,he made an in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of the capitalist mode of production in the 20 th century,avoiding the use of Western Marxism views and methods unfolding a new historical starting point in the chaos when criticizing modernity;secondly,his theory of the ideological state apparatus has a greater inspiration for the proletarian liberation movement in the 20 th century;finally,his pluralism determines the concept of social contradictions,Enriching the connotation of Marxist dialectics.However,Althusser’s thoughts have also been questioned.His understanding of Marx’s political economy critique as "theoretical anti-humanism" seems extreme;the structuralist methodology he used is considered to ignore the initiative of the subject.Theory is an opposition to historicism,humanism and practical categories;his "accidental materialism" has also encountered criticisms against nihilists.