| Autism Spectrum Disorders(ASD)are a group of pervasive developmental disorders with a neural basis,mainly diagnosed by behavioral disturbances in social communication and fixed interests and repetitive behaviors.Regarding the self-other source memory impairment in children with autism,there are two explanations:relational binding and lack of self-concept.Wilkinson et al.(2010)found that the confidence judgments made by autistic children were less accurate than those made by normal children,that is,the ability of metacognitive monitoring in autistic children was weakened.And action participation can improve self-other-source memory performance.This study aims to explore whether there is damage to self-other-source memory in autistic children,and whether this damage involves the monitoring of meta-memory.Eye tracking technology is used to investigate the characteristics of self-other-source memory and learning time allocation in autistic children dynamic change process.And further investigate whether the participation of action can improve the self-other-source memory and monitoring level of autistic children,as well as the change characteristics of self-other-source memory and monitoring ability of autistic children under the condition of triple binding.There are four sub-studies:Study 1(Experiments 1 and 2)is the pre-exploration stage of the overall study.Two different stimulation materials(still life picture material and stimulative picture material)were used to investigate the existence of self-other source memory and its monitoring ability in autistic children.damage.Experiment 1 used still life pictures as experimental materials,manipulated the memory source(self or others)by changing the source of the picture naming,and measured the subjects’ item memory,self-other-source memory and meta-memory monitoring ability through memory test and confidence judgment assessment.and compared with the matched group of normal children.The results show that,compared with normal children,autistic children have impairments in item and source memory abilities and meta-memory monitoring accuracy.Specifically,autistic and normal children’s self-derived memory is significantly higher than others-derived memory,self-derived memory The monitoring ability of memory is stronger than that of other-sourced memory.In Experiment 2,the simulated picture was used as the experimental material,and the same experimental variable manipulation method as in Experiment 1 was adopted.The results showed that compared with normal children,the accuracy of item and meta-memory monitoring in autistic children was impaired,and the memory ability of self-sourced items in autistic children was higher than that of other-sourced items,but the monitoring ability of items was not affected.The effect of source;source memory ability is not significantly different from that of normal children,but normal children’s memory of other sources is better than that of autistic children.Study 2(Experiments 3 and 4)used eye-tracking technology to investigate self-other-source memory and its monitoring and control process in children with autism.The total time of self-gazing was longer than that of others,and the number of self-gazing points was significantly more than that of others.That is,the learning time of self-other source memory of autistic children is significantly less than that of normal children.In the dynamic process of learning time allocation,the learning time of self-derived memory in both autistic and normal children was longer than that of other-derived memory.During the testing phase,the fixation duration of the autistic children group was shorter than the fixation duration of the normal group.The total fixation time of the autistic children group was shorter than that of the normal group,and the number of self fixation points was significantly more than that of others.Study 3(Experiments 5 and 6),under the premise that the self-other source memory and monitoring ability of autistic children are impaired,investigated whether motor participation can improve the self-other source memory and monitoring level of autistic children.Experiment 5 used still life pictures as experimental materials,manipulated the memory source(self or others)by changing the source of the picture naming,and measured the subjects’ item memory,self-other-source memory and meta-memory monitoring ability through memory test and confidence judgment assessment.and compared with the matched group of normal children.The results show that,compared with normal children,autistic children have impairments in item and source memory abilities and meta-memory monitoring accuracy.Specifically,autistic and normal children’s self-derived memory is significantly higher than others-derived memory,self-derived memory The monitoring capability of the project is stronger than monitoring the project of other sources.In experiment 6,the simulated picture was used as the experimental material,and the same experimental variable manipulation method as in experiment 5 was adopted.Similarly,the results show that,relative to normal children,autistic children have impairments in the monitoring accuracy of items and metamemory.Children with autism have higher memory ability for self-sourced items than others-sourced items,but the ability to monitor items.Not affected by re-origin;source memory ability was not significantly different from that of normal children,but normal children’s memory of other sources was better than that of autistic children.Study 4(Experiments 7 and 8)examined the effect of ternary binding processing on self-other-source memory and its monitoring level in children with autism.The recognition performance of children with autism was significantly lower than that of children in the normal group,and the recognition hit rate was lower than that of the children in the normal group,and the false alarm rate was higher than that of the children in the normal group,indicating that the memory recognition ability of the autistic children was impaired.The self-recognition performance of children with autism was significantly higher than that of others.The self-other-sourced memory of autistic children was significantly lower than that of normal children,indicating that the self-other-sourced memory of autistic children was impaired.However,the source performance of self is significantly higher than that of others,indicating that there is a bias in self-memory in children with autism.Children with autism can effectively monitor recognition memory,but the accuracy of recognition memory monitoring is lower than that of normal children,indicating that the ability to monitor recognition memory in children with autism is impaired.Children with autism can effectively monitor source performance,but the accuracy of source memory monitoring is lower than that of normal children,indicating that the ability to monitor source memory in autistic children is impaired.However,the monitoring ability of self-derived memory was significantly higher than that of other-derived memory,indicating that there is a bias towards self-memory in monitoring of children with autism.In conclusion,children with autism showed impaired self-other-source memory in both static pictures and simulated pictures,as well as impaired monitoring ability and overestimation.Through eye-tracking studies,it has been found that insufficient allocation of learning time is the main cause of injury.Action memory can improve self-other memory performance,but the impairment is more severe under complex ternary binding conditions.In summary,this study draws the following conclusions:(1)Children with autism have impairments in item memory,but still show the self-referential effect of item memory;autistic children have the ability to monitor item memory,but the monitoring ability is impaired.(2)Children with autism have impairment of self-other source memory,which is characterized by the weakening of relational binding ability,but still shows the self-referential effect of source memory.Children with autism have impaired ability to monitor self-other-derived memory,but the ability to monitor self-derived memory is stronger than that of others-derived memory.(3)Eye movement studies have shown that self-other-derived memory is impaired in autistic children,and the cognitive mechanism may be that autistic children’s learning time allocation to self-and others-derived memory materials is less than that of normal children.(4)Action participation cannot affect the performance of item memory,but it can improve the performance and monitoring ability of self-other source memory.(5)The ternary binding ability of self-other source memory in autistic children is impaired,and the monitoring ability is also impaired. |
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