The Study Of The Thought Of "Educated Politics" In The Book Of Rites

The Book of Rites is centered on "virture governance," "ritual rules" and "education," forming the ideological system of "governance with education," which is based on the idea of enlightening virture in nature,focusing on education in governance,and approaching perfection through governance.Based on the concept of human nature of "approaching virture and perfection," from the exploration of the source of "rites origin from nature" to the governance rules of rites,music,punishment and policies,"The Book of Rites" implements and develops the Confucian thought of rule by virtue and etiquette,indicating the governance ideals to the personal reality of Confucian personality and social moral order ideals "well-off society," And "The World of Datong" as the ultimate goal to "approaching perfection".Education by rites and music realizes the harmony and unity of cultivating moral personality and constructing the ideal realm of virtue-based order.Taking the "governance with education" thought in the Book of Rites as the research object,based on the understanding of the political ideological characteristics of the "rule by virtue" and "rule by etiquette" of the pre Qin Confucianism,this paper discusses the internal theoretical structure and ideological system of the "governance with education" thought from the perspective of "education",centering on the core concepts of virtue,governance,and education.Through the inductive analysis of the ideological connotation of "Book of Rites",the comprehensive comparison of the relevant classics of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period,especially the relevant classics of Confucius,Mencius,and Xun Zi,and the newly unearthed or discovered documents such as the bamboo slips collected in Shanghai Museum and bamboo slips found in Guodian village,etc.,this paper compares and proves each other to sort out and grasp the "governance with education" thought of the Book of Rites from an overall perspective.Chapter I Approaching Virtue and Goodness: the Human Nature Foundation of the "Governance with Education".Based on the research on human nature thought of Confucianism in pre-Qin period,this paper comprehensively analyzes the human nature thought of "cultivating virtue and goodness" in the chapters of The Great Learning,The Doctrine of the Mean and Yue Ji,and summarizes the theoretical thinking of the integration of inborn nature and way of nature in Confucianism,laying the foundation of virtue for the "governance with education";The Confucianism theory of human nature endows people with the responsibility of self-cultivation and morality,and cultivation and education become the necessary way to achieve virtue.Confucianism does not regard human nature as an established certainty,but a kind of potentiality or plasticity.This potential human nature originates from the form of the essence "Tian"(nature),and the coherence between personality and nature is the basis and the realization of the self-perfection of the harmony of nature and man.Chapter II Rites,Music,Policies and Punishment: the Multidimensional Expression of the Governance with Education in the Book of Rites.Tracing back to the ideological and cultural origin of rites,discussing that rites,music,policies and punishment as the "governance with education" in the "Book of Rites" are mostly in the form of expression."Rites are used to guide people’s minds,music is used to reconcile people’s voices,government decrees are used to unify people’s actions,and punishment is used to prevent people from doing bad things",which constitutes a complete and systematic way of governing in the "governance with education".Chapter III The Governance by Gentleman : the "governance with education" in the Book of Rites analyzes the inner relationship between the way of the gentleman,the moral of the gentleman and the teaching by the gentleman from the perspective that the "governance with education" or the governance by gentleman.A gentleman is born from the law of nature to become virtuous,and the moral of the gentleman is derived from the law of nature.A gentleman’s virtue is like jade,forming a sound personality system of a Confucian gentleman.The principle of performing education with virtue is embodied in the consciousness of practicing and improving oneself towards virtue,in teaching the responsibility of caring and enlightening people,in the principle of considering others in one’s own place and the pursuit of perfection,so as to realize the ultimate ideal of all people on the world approaching perfect virtue.Chapter IV,"Governance with Education" is to govern people by education.The benevolent politics purpose of "the governance with education" is to "win people by virtue".Moral rationality is the basis of political legitimacy."The politics of the Nine Principles" and "caring people as parents to kids" are the practical paths of "governance with education".Chapter V,the Ideal Realm of "Governance with Education".The political realm of Confucianism around political ideals and the ideal political state has formed the internal relationship between the king system and the king’s way,knowledge to the best,great harmony and well-off society."Well-off society" is an accessible political ideal,and "Datong(great harmony)" is the ultimate value orientation of politics."Gorvenance with education" is an extension of the Confucian thought of rule by virtue and etiquette.It is of great significance for the development of contemporary political civilization to excavate its characteristics of governing by virtue and etiquette.