The Body Research In Bioethics:Philosophical Exploration And Problem Analysis

Some dilemmas in contemporary bioethics research make us realize a fact,that body/mind,sense/sensibility,normality/abnormality,physiology/psychology,and human world/natural world all imply a dualistic division of the meaning of things,which needs to be re-recognized from the analysis of body philosophy.As the beginning of the body rebellion,Nietzsche’s philosophy criticizes the western metaphysical rational philosophy,and his thoughts are closely related to phenomenological philosophy,postmodernism philosophy and life political philosophy.The phenomenological body emphasizes that the body is not a materialized body separated from mind and body,but an intrinsic body integrated with mind and body;postmodern philosophy advocates the realization of the body from the dual,solidified body to a pluralistic,generative body recognition;life political philosophy take body as the essence of the expression of life.It is a kind of governance concept with ethical implication and under construction.It is to safeguard individual citizens’ life rights and physical interests through medical and health system and life-related policies,especially to reflect the protection and care for the vulnerable groups,and to realize the moral governance of life.Based on the enlightenment of body cognition from phenomenological philosophy,postmodern philosophy and life political philosophy,the paper investigates several bioethics problems such as psychosomatic disease,intersex,female surrogacy and epidemic disease.In psychosomatic diseases,modern medicine tries to unite the separate body and mind,but only divides the patient into physical and psychological parts and then tries to synthesize the relationship between the two.Therefore,it is doomed to fail to overcome the implicit psychosomatic duality.For this,Merleau-Ponty’s body existing in the world,Heidegger’s body in the sense of existential and Hermann Schmitz’s body in emotional tremor can inspire medicine to better understand psychosomatic diseases.In intersex body issues,clinical treatment is limited to a binary gender framework recognition and denied gender may have a diversified performance.And the surgical treatment guided by the principle of informed consent which mainly rely on human’s rational thinking and judgment but ignoring the intersex real individual feelings.In view of this,phenomenology’s emphasis on individual’s own body feelings can make us closer to the real life of intersex people,and the different and diversified vision advocated by postmodernism philosophy can help us to view intersex people in a more reasonable way.In the issue of surrogacy,the intervention of medical technology makes the female body unprecedently technicalized.The theories supporting surrogacy are actually based on the mind-body dualism.Because in the mind-body dualism,individuals are materialized as pure objects that can be disassembled,dismembered and dressed up at will,the important role of body experience in the construction of the mind cannot be realized.Philosophical thinking about the body can also help us to treat women as holistic individuals.Finally,in the crisis on human health disease problems,people’s life safety first is to ensure a healthy body.It is at this point that the physical body is responsible for the existence,integrity,and health of life,but people also need to realize that each organism is not only a "biology" life body under medical treatment,but also "control" by political policy.The biggest human rights protection in epidemic diseases is to protect the value and integrity of the body,so that everyone can enjoy the right to maintain life,safeguard the interests of life safety,normal physiological function and safeguard the interests of health.Everyone in the health community should have a deep ethical reflection on the crisis of their own life and take responsibility for the survival of others.Body has been thought by Phenomenological philosophy and postmodern philosophy and life political philosophy.The three different philosophy’s body though are from different theoretical path to analyze the body,but they both separation and overlapping,whether the development of philosophy itself or with the integrated application of specific issues,are like a piece of the node on the net,the overlapping effect.Therefore,in the analysis of specific problems,we always refer to each other to help us look at problems from a more comprehensive perspective.