Restudy On Shajing Culture

Shajing Culture is a relic of the Northern Bronze Culture from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,which is roughly distributed in central region of Gansu Province.This paper takes Shajing culture remains as the research object.Based on a comprehensive review of the data,it analyzes the pottery and bronze artifacts unearthed from tombs in detail,refines the chronological system of this culture,clarifies the characteristics of Shajing culture and its cultural interaction with surrounding areas.It also analyzes the social structure characteristics of Shajing culture through the characteristics of different tomb shapes,the classification of tomb levels,gender division and distribution,etc.Finally,starting from the development and changes of artifacts and sacrificial sacrifice,the nomadic process of Shajing culture was explored.There are six chapters in this paper.In Chapter Ⅰ,the relevant discoveries and archaeological research history of Shajing culture are introduced and sorted out;the current research status,and the achievements and shortcomings of previous studies are summarized;the necessity and feasibility of further research on Shajing culture are proposed;and finally the research ideas and methods of this paper are introduced.In Chapter Ⅱ,it conducts typological analysis and grouping of pottery and bronze artifacts from Shajing culture,and determines the age of the artifacts based on symbiotic relationships and comparisons with known artifacts from surrounding areas.Finally,based on the symbiotic relationship between pottery and bronze artifacts,Shajing culture tombs are divided into four periods,with the main remains spanning from the early and middle stages of the late Spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States period.Among them,the division of the second phase of Shajing culture happened to be between the early and middle stage of the northern cultural belt in China during the Eastern Zhou period,filling the gap in research on related periods.This is the first systematic analysis of Shajing bronze artifacts during the staging process.In Chapter Ⅲ,it comprehensively examines the cultural exchange between Shajing culture and surrounding areas using bronze ware as a medium,based on the staging and dating of Shajing culture.Firstly,starting from a single type of bronze ware,it examines the correlation between various types of artifacts and similar artifacts in the surrounding areas;Then,from the perspective of overall staging,explores the cultural interaction between Shajing culture and surrounding areas in stages.Through comparative analysis of bronze artifacts,on the one hand,the characteristics of the bronze artifacts of Shajing culture itself have been clarified,and on the other hand,it is also recognized that there is a development process of mutual influence between Shajing culture and surrounding cultures,especially the bronze culture in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia,from one-way "reception" to two-way "reception" and "output" in parallel.At the same time,the upper level culture of Xiajiadian,which dates back to an earlier era The influence of Kayo culture on Shajing culture cannot be ignored.In addition,some artifacts such as bronze mirrors and knives also reflect the indirect connection between Shajing culture and overseas regions such as the Minusinsk Basin and Altay.In Chapter Ⅳ,based on the previous stage results,it discusses the social forms of Shajing culture from three aspects: crowd division,level,and gender,relying on tomb materials.In terms of crowd division,it is first clarified that there are two different groups of people behind cave tombs and vertical cave tombs with different characteristics;Secondly,through the analysis of burial objects,it is pointed out that there are differences in the influence of people from cave tombs and vertical cave tombs in burial objects and different cemeteries.Among them,the popular Huan Shou Dao and Tao Li among the vertical cave tomb population indicate that this group has the style of the Shang and Zhou dynasties,while the preference of cave tomb population for Kong Shou Dao from the Tagar period and animal decorations popular in grassland areas indicates that this group is closely following the style of the nomadic era at that time;Finally,it summarizes and analyzes the different development trends and distribution characteristics of the two populations in the Xigang and Chaiwangang cemeteries.In terms of burial levels,Shajing culture tombs were divided into five levels,from high to low,based mainly on differences in burial items.The layout characteristics of different Shajing culture cemeteries were explored based on the staging results.In terms of gender,the differences in burial items,burial methods,and distribution between males and females were analyzed.Based on the differences in burial items,the issue of gender division of labor was revealed.Through the distribution characteristics of adult male female tombs and underage tombs,the similarity between Shajing culture tombs and tombs of nomadic populations in northern China and Eurasian grasslands was recognized.In summary,based on the existing burial materials of Shajing culture,an in-depth analysis has been conducted on issues related to the social form of this culture.In Chapter Ⅴ,it analyzes the characteristics of the economic development and changes of Shajing culture from the combination of artifacts and sacrificial sacrifices,explores the trend of nomadic development of Shajing culture,and attempts to analyze and interpret the transforming process of Shajing culture from a mixed agricultural and pastoral economy to a nomadic economy.At the same time,based on the association of bronze artifacts from various regions in northern China during the Eastern Zhou period,the important role of Shajing culture in the formation of the Northern Cultural Belt from the early to the middle period is demonstrated.In Chapter Ⅵ,it summarizes the main findings of this article and points out the limitations and shortcomings of the research.Owing to material limitations,a detailed analysis was not conducted on issues such as Shajing cultural settlement,ethnicity,and origin.