Research On The Implementation Process,Action Analysis,and Optimization Strategy Of Urban Minimum Living Security Policy

Since Shanghai took the lead in implementing the minimum living allowance system for urban residents in 1993,in the past thirty years,the minimum living allowance policy has not only become a nationwide social assistance policy,but also a lifeline for the livelihood security of millions of impoverished families.Research on the minimum living allowance policy has gradually become a focus of academia.Whether it is the top-down impact of top-level policy design on grassroots operations,the impact of grassroots discretion on subsistence allowance policies,and the impact of interaction between the "central local" and the "bureaucratic system" on subsistence allowance policies,attention is gradually being paid to the key link in policy implementation: the implementation process of subsistence allowance policies.In this regard,this article presents the historical evolution of China’s urban subsistence allowance policy from creation,improvement to precise implementation through a review of existing research.It also summarizes the individual and organizational issues arising from the implementation of China’s urban subsistence allowance policy,as well as corresponding suggestions for improving the effective implementation of urban subsistence allowance policies in the new era.At the same time,it attempts to gain some inspiration and reference from the experiences of different countries and regions.In general,these current studies respond to the needs of Social change and the times,but there is still much room for in-depth research: first,the crux of the implementation of the minimum living standard policy should be restored to the process of research;second,the implementation problem should be explained in the interaction of multiple policy implementation subjects;third,the minimum living standard policy needs to be fine tuned and optimized in the symbiotic system.Therefore,this article mainly explores the implementation process and action strategies of urban subsistence allowance policies from the disciplinary research perspective of social policy,using the theoretical analysis paradigm of policy process action.Through analyzing the specific process and action of grassroots implementation of subsistence allowance policies in L district of C city,this article proposes optimization strategies for policy implementation.Firstly,this article divides the implementation process of urban subsistence allowance policies into three stages.The focus of the initial stage of implementing the subsistence allowance policy is to use an effective targeting mechanism to achieve accurate positioning of the subsistence allowance target.Under the policy directive of "ensuring full coverage and returning full coverage",the specialized team for subsistence allowances still lacks sufficient personnel,skills,abilities,and qualities,making it difficult to effectively and accurately complete the economic investigation of subsistence allowance families.This has led to issues such as "selective execution","evasive execution",and "sporty execution" in their implementation of subsistence allowance policies.At the same time,higher-level units often have the discretion to implement local and flexible subsistence allowances policies at the grassroots level due to the high administrative costs generated by the investigation of subsistence allowances,which temporarily cushions the "policy obstacles" between superiors and subordinates in the process of implementing subsistence allowances policies with "implementation flexibility".The mid-term stage of the implementation of the subsistence allowance policy mainly revolves around the hearing on subsistence allowances.Adhering to the responsibility system,the avoidance system and the "three principles of fairness",community workers strive to guarantee the right to know,the right to express and the right to play in the hearing of the minimum living standard living.The later stage of implementing the subsistence allowance policy mainly focuses on the streets as the main force of policy implementation.In the reform of the administrative function of "delegating control and serving",the street has transformed from a "transit station" for the implementation of minimum living allowance policies in the past to a core unit for minimum living allowance review,and is making every effort to create a "face-to-face" one-stop service system for minimum living allowance policies.The Civil Affairs Bureau is also adjusting its role positioning,focusing on the design,supervision,and assessment of policy implementation,formulating work plans and priorities for subsistence allowances,and providing work guidance and direction guidance for the implementation of subsistence allowances policies.Secondly,following the analytical approach of "interests,cognition,and strategies",this article conducts an action analysis of the implementation process of the subsistence allowance policy in L district of C city.It is believed that policy actors’ policy cognition based on their respective interests and interests,and their action choices guided by cognition,will deviate from the goals of the subsistence allowance policy implementation,resulting in a gap between the idealization and reality of the subsistence allowance policy implementation.Specifically,applicants for subsistence allowances have undergone a transformation of their actions due to the "welfare bundling" effect of the subsistence allowance policy,choosing the action logic of "inward" and "outward" force;Under the balance of work performance and errors,the minimum living allowance specialist seeks a work balance between "above" and "below" by implementing flexible measures such as "policy shielding,addition,and substitution" in their interactions with minimum living allowance applicants,communities,and streets;The community regards the implementation of subsistence allowances policies as a showcase for work,while also paying attention to the cohesion of the community community.In the hearing on subsistence allowances,action paths of technical governance and emotional governance are taken;Social organizations seek the unity of public and organizational interests under the tension of survival pressure,administrative dependence,and professional autonomy;In the administrative system reform of "delegating power,management,and service" in the streets,due to the consideration of "territorial interests",there is also a bureaucratic and pro social "dual nature" in the implementation of the minimum living allowance policy;The District Civil Affairs Bureau,as the regional starting and ending point for the implementation of the subsistence allowance policy,adjusts,revises,and reconstructs the implementation of the subsistence allowance policy,achieving the integration of top-level design and grassroots operations,and shaping the organizational image of "authority" and "innovator".thirdly,this article focuses on the dynamic update of urban subsistence allowance policies,focusing on the optimization of urban subsistence allowance policies.Firstly,in terms of applicants for subsistence allowances,further clarify the standard process for implementing subsistence allowance policies,enhance and expand the participation capacity of subsistence allowance applicants,and standardize the dynamic management system of "ensuring full coverage and refunding full coverage";Secondly,in terms of improving the ability and standardization of subsistence allowance specialized work,the implementation process of subsistence allowance specialized work should be exposed and expanded through multi departmental linkage and network technology;Thirdly,in terms of flexible practice for community managers,further improve the evaluation system for minimum living allowance applications and strengthen the return visit system for minimum living allowance;Fourthly,in terms of third-party social organizations intervening in the implementation of subsistence allowances policies,the standardized process of subsistence allowances services should be improved through the standardized operation of project systems;Fifth,in promoting low-income services in the streets,establish channels for letters and visits to respond to the reasonable demands of the masses;Sixth,the district civil affairs bureau needs to strengthen the localized design of subsistence allowance policies and overcome the administrative inertia of convergence of subsistence allowance policies.Finally,this article argues that the implementation of the subsistence allowance policy is not only a process chain,but also a symbiotic system of policy implementation.Therefore,this article’s reflection on the implementation of the subsistence allowance policy not only emphasizes the interactive process among multiple policy actors in the interconnected policy chain,but also pays attention to the flexibility of policy actors in policy implementation.At the same time,it also pays attention to their expansion of policy implementation.It is these policy implementation attempts in a certain time,space,and social context that promote the subsistence allowance policy to become a thriving tree of social protection.Therefore,this article believes that under the guidance of the goals of the subsistence allowance policy,in dynamic spatiotemporal and social contexts,policies exhibit a self growth process between top-level design and grassroots operations.It not only includes the flexibility of policy implementation,but also includes the expansion of policy implementation,including the improvement of the initiative of subsistence allowance policy applicants,the establishment of a networked platform for household livelihood surveys,and the generation of multi departmental linkage mechanisms The hearing and evaluation system for subsistence allowances,the emotional governance of communities towards living communities,the flexible way of street assessment,the in-depth services provided by social organizations for subsistence allowance policies,and the administrative reform of the district civil affairs bureau for subsistence allowance execution agencies.That is to say,the diversified participation and interaction of actors in the subsistence allowance policy are promoting the growth of the subsistence allowance policy execution from a process chain to a symbiotic system of policy execution.In their interdependence and constraints,they are driving the continuous enrichment of the subsistence allowance policy.