A Study On Pakistan’s Technical Vocational Education And Training(TVET) Under The Background Of CPEC

In the modern economic societies,human capital is playing an increasingly significant role as one of the most dynamic factors among all the production factors.Educated labor force,technology,and production capacity determines the economic growth,while the human capital determines the effective utilization of physical resources and development.Therefore,prioritizing investment in human capital plays a pivotal role in many production factors,especially when the investment of simple material capital and labor quantity cannot stimulate the economic growth.Human capital is the basic condition to ensure the sustainable,rapid and healthy economic development,optimization and up-gradation of social and economic structure.Pakistan is rich in human and natural resources.In the new developmental era,the role of highskilled workers for national development has become tremendously important,but it is also an undeniable fact that the gap of high-skilled personals is widening in Pakistan.In 2013,under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),China and Pakistan started landmark projects with mutual cooperation as China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC).It promoted and deepened the energy,security,economic cooperation and development,and expansion of Pakistan’s road infrastructure.The development of Technical and Vocational Education systems is particularly crucial in order to further encourage the rapid growth of the CPEC projects,resource exchange realization,and optimization of human capital between the two countries.This study discussed the following three main aspects;Firstly,this research makes an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the basic and overall situation of Pakistan’s technical and vocational education system.From the perspective of employment distribution,it is found that Pakistan’s agricultural sector plays an important role in the trade and growth,and it employs majority of the population.The service industry contributes a major share in the country’s GDP,but the overall market lacks highly skilled labor force,resulting in its lagging development.At the same time,this paper finds that Pakistan’s manufacturing industry,service industry,and construction industries are the three industries with the greatest demand for qualified graduates of technical vocational education.With the expansion and construction of urban scale and special economic zones,Pakistan’s demand for banks,insurance,structural engineers,construction workers,maintenance employees,and security personnel increases,resulting in an increase in high-skilled worker demand.Secondly,after analyzing and evaluating Pakistan’s technical vocational education and training system,this research found that there are prominent problems in Pakistan’s TVET system.This paper assessed the potential challenges of Pakistan’s TVET based on three aspects: educational foundation,cultural cognition,and policy deployment,by using a questionnaire survey.According to the gathered and analyzed data,there are some issues with the development of Technical Vocational Education in Pakistan,such as the primary level of education,low educational standards,low quality vocational education and teachers,mismatch with social development needs,poor perception and recognition,rare female participation,and so on.In terms of policy deployment,there are some major problems,such as insufficient infrastructure,pressure on youth long-term employment,inadequate national policy support,youth population expansion,and so on.Descriptive statistics is used for the analysis of variance.This paper examines the development history and current situation of China’s TVET,concluding that the development achievements of China’s TVET are as follows: first,to summarize historical experience and future developmental plan;Second,reach cooperative relations with other countries on the basis of mutual interests;third is to carry out the basic reform of vocational education and implement the concept of lifelong learning while reforming the education system with the development of economy.Finally,in light of CPEC and based on China’s experience and enlightenment in the growth of TVET,this study proposes conclusions and lessons for resolving TVET-related problems in Pakistan.To begin with,the government should play a vital role in reducing regional and gender inequalities by providing financial support for infrastructure construction,professional classroom training,and career development guidance.Second,increase investment in education,establish a new teacher resource allocation mechanism,form a comprehensive vocational teacher training system combining pre and post job trainings,and cultivate international talents with the help of information platforms,Improve Pakistan’s Technical Vocational Education globally.The research on Pakistan’s TVET system provides new ideas for the development of Pakistan’s technical vocational education system and national economic development,and promotes the practical application of the vocational education system in Pakistan’s economy,trade and development.