A Study On The Reform Of Technical And Vocational Education And Training In The Philippines Since The 1990s

Vocational education is an important way to train the labor force and the cradle of building a team of high-quality and highly skilled personnel.At present,the competition among countries is increasingly fierce.In the final analysis,it is the competition of talents and education.Therefore,many countries are reforming their vocational education in order to cultivate the highly skilled labor force with more international competitiveness.The Philippines also started its reform in technical and vocational education and training(TVET)in the 1990 s.In the following decades of reform and development,certain results have been achieved,but there are still deficiencies.Based on the historical context of Philippine TVET,this study analyzes the reform of Philippine TVET since the 1990 s.First of all,the history of TVET in the Philippines is highly coincident with the changes of polity.Under the premise that three periods are divided into the Spanish colonial period,the American colonial period and the national independence,TVET in each period mainly relies on the promulgation of the education act and the change of the educational management system to realize the germination,initial development and twists and turns.Secondly,based on the analysis of the situation of TVET in the Philippines in the early 1990 s,the paper studies the educational reform measures in the Philippines after1994.At that time,there were deficiencies in the management mechanism,with a high dropout rate of students,difficulties in finding jobs for graduates,low satisfaction of enterprises,and a disconnect between education and the economic market.To this end,the reform was mainly carried out in five aspects: Establish a unified management system,establish an education quality assurance system,expand the education target students,strengthen the connection between education and the economic market,and construct the Philippine national qualification framework system.Generally speaking,these reform measures have improved the coverage of Philippine TVET,increased the employment rate of graduates,and cultivated a large number of workers for the Philippines.However,at the same time,the management has problems of poor internal governance and insufficient external coordination.And there are still some deficiencies in the quality of training workers and educational equity.Finally,based on analyzing the current situation of vocational technical education in our country,comparing with experiences of other countries in the world,this paper concludes that it can bring some enlightenment from Philippine vocational technical education reform for our country,including perfecting the construction of laws and regulations of vocational technical education,establishing a unified and coordinated educational administration system,accelerating the process of internationalization of vocational technical education and establishing the flexible framework of national qualifications.