A Study About The Species Quality Of University Education On A Viewpoint Of Species Essence

The development history of nearly one thousand years shows that the prosperity of university education is followed by the dilemma that forces it to initiate reform,and the breakthrough of the dilemma will usher in the new prosperity.Every time college education falls into a predicament,it has its own uniqueness,but there are some commonalities hidden in these uniqueness.From the perspective of the development history of university education in the world,the common manifestation of the dilemma of university education is such a contradiction,that is,the contradiction between the synergistic influence of the knowledge system of university education and the concept of education on people and the development trend of social practice.From the perspective of the history of the development of Chinese university education,the dilemma of Chinese university education shows such a characteristic,that is,the breakdown of the balance between university education and social practice,which is based on the state of human existence,is not simply caused by the contradiction between the knowledge system and the concept of education of university education and the development trend of China’s current social practice.But we do not properly deal with the relationship between localization and internationalization of university education according to the characteristics of Chinese culture,politics,economy and natural conditions,so that the knowledge system and education concept of university education cannot produce the ideal effect on the development of social practice through the cultivation of people.From the current background,on the one hand,the teaching content of university education tends to be specialized,the connotation of talent training objectives lacks scientificity and operability,and the process tends to the single-track transmission of deterministic knowledge.On the other hand,in view of the current fourth industrial revolution,China has formulated a new plan to cultivate talents through the construction of new engineering,new medicine,new agriculture,new liberal arts and other disciplines,and strive to occupy the commanding heights in the future global innovation ecology.It can be seen that today’s university education has fallen into a new dilemma,that is,the discipline system and education concept of training professionals who adapt to the traditional social division of labor are in contradiction with the cultivation of innovative industrial talents needed by the fourth industrial revolution.This contradiction is the comprehensive embodiment of the generality,particularity and times of the dilemma of university education,which determines that we need to understand and shape the quality of university education from the overall perspective,so as to push the university education out of the dilemma.The link between university education and social practice is human,and the existence of human is the fulcrum to maintain the balance between university education and social practice.The study of the history of western philosophy shows that the western understanding of human existence has gone through three stages of development,that is,the understanding of human from external things,the understanding of human from internal subjective function or the unilateral aspect of external things,and the understanding of human from the unity of thinking and external things.These views are people’s self-understanding gradually formed from a single aspect in practice and reflection.The introduction of Marx’s concept of species essence unifies man’s subjective consciousness and the objective existence of matter in practice and ends man’s understanding of his own fragmentation and abstraction.The essence of class is the fundamental basis that distinguishes man from other animals,and its reflection in man himself shows that man has the freedom to decide his own existence and development.The possession of this freedom occurs in practical activities.Therefore,the essence of species can also be said to be the practical nature of man.The objective objects of human activities can be divided into general things,objective self and others of the same kind.Correspondingly,the essence of species is manifested in the individual in the aspects of rationality,the attribute of species development and the attribute of community.The concrete expression of these three aspects constitutes the state of individual existence.The development of social practice determines the individual’s state of existence,and the individual promotes the development of society in practice.This paper analyzes the development history of universities based on the existence of human beings,and the results show that universities and public undertakings interact with each other.On the one hand,universities reflect the internal order of social public undertakings in consciousness by virtue of specific epistemology and truth judgment standards,and cultivate talents for the development of social public undertakings through such reflection in consciousness.On the other hand,the development of social public undertakings puts forward the intellectual demand for universities,which stimulates the development of epistemology and truth judgment standards of universities,and affects the goal of talent training of universities.From the perspective of the relationship between university and people and society reflected in the general law of university development,university education,as one of the functions of university,exerts influence on students from three aspects:rationality,species development attribute and community attribute,aiming at the development needs of people determined by social practice and species essence.That is,in the practical activities of cultural education,by shaping students’ species consciousness,cultivating their general consciousness and stimulating their self-consciousness through subject knowledge system,the systematic education value of university education is its species quality.By combing and analyzing the development history of university education with species quality as the main line,the results show that the formation of species quality is driven by the interaction of practical activities in the development of public undertakings,common epistemology and truth judgment criteria,and basic knowledge system.Marx’s concept of class points out that technology has the characteristics of class and is the body function of human being externalized,and its existence and development are always human.The technological race caused by the fourth Industrial Revolution has alienated technology and the competitive advantages it brings into abstract universal values,resulting in the excess of technology,and thus technology into a force for enslavement.The reason is that the need to promote the development of technology has deviated from the need of class.In this case,university education brings the need to promote technological development back into the control of class through the construction of human destiny community.The mission of building a community of shared future for mankind determines that the specific goals of university education include three aspects: cultivating socialist ideology and morality in the new era,cultivating lifelong learning ability and exploration spirit,and cultivating knowledge transformation ability and labor accomplishment.On the one hand,from the perspective of species quality,the current situation of university education shows three problems,that is,professional education has lost the support of the basic knowledge system,the structure and function of the discipline system cannot reflect the basic situation of social practice in consciousness,and the discipline system has not shaped the epistemology and theory of knowledge in line with the cultural characteristics.On the other hand,from the perspective of human attributes,the achievement of the above three goals needs to meet three conditions: a material and cultural world that can make students feel,a disciplinary system that can stimulate students’ awareness of "nothing",and a practical platform that can communicate the university and the society.It can be seen that there are three pairs of contradictions between reality and ideal: first,students are the object of value in the real university education,and the subject of value in the ideal university education;Secondly,students aim to realize "being" in the real college education,while aim to realize "nothing" in the ideal college education.Thirdly,in the real university education,students mainly understand abstract symbols,while in the ideal university education,they attach importance to the real perception of social practice.In this regard,there are three ways to shape the species quality: first,the value trend of the course turns to the development needs of students;Secondly,change the educational concept reflects the educational significance of "nothingness";Thirdly,Universities continue to promote the interaction between the theoretical world and social practice to build a lifelong education platform...